| 英文摘要 |
Since 2009, Environmental Protection Administration of Taiwan (EPA) has been conducting “Establishment of Port Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory and Drafting of Management Strategies” program. This program created for improving air quality of port areas in Taiwan, while fulfilling the Taiwan-U.S. collaboration commitment. The program started with the creation of ground-level information for the port air pollutant inventory, followed by the planning of air cleaning action initiative for port areas. To date, the program has completed the establishment of ten emission inventories. This program is a follow-up on implementing “The emission management of ships and the other non-road transportation”. Focusing on two major non-road transportation mobile sources of Taiwan－Vessel and Airport. Major aspects of the program are included enhancing the breadth, depth, and application of the port inventory, by revising current estimating module of emission and building up the estimating module of aviation and other emission sectors of airport with reference to the latest international practice. This program applied for the air pollution fee of ships, which analyzed based on their impacts on the air quality. For the control practice, air pollution autonomous management of port institutions is the point. With the information collection from current international control technique and practice of port and ship air pollution, as well as update of latest international convention, the feasible regulations and actions are proposed. Accomplishments of this program summarized below:
1. The emission factors and related coefficients of all sectors in port and airport area are updated according to 2018 and 2019 as base year. The attribute and activity database for aviation, fishing vessels in internal waters and other emission sectors of airport, as well as the standard auditing procedures of data quality, are established. The emission inventory of air pollutant emission for eight commercial ports, two exclusive industrial ports, five industrial exclusive wharfs and four international airports is established, and control emission state of fishing vessels in internal waters.
2. Compiled the project by：Collecting the air quality information of all sectors in port areas, Analyzing the correlation between the important activities and air quality information of port area, Analyzing the emission factor, and forecasting the air pollution emissions of port and airport from base year to 2031.
3. This program traced the latest amended articles of the international convention. The related regulations are collected from neighboring Asia countries such as China, South Korea, Japan and Hong Kong, as well as generalize air quality strategy of International major port areas are as the reference to formulate for the domestic port control measure.
4. The popular issue for current maritime industry is the standard for fuel sulfur content of ships becoming seriously. The program generalizes major control measures for Sulphur limitation, including using the specified oil, setting the equipment for cleaning SOx or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) ship, and using shore power during berthing.
5. This program drafts feasible regulations and advise for domestic non-road transportation from green transportation, alternative energy and self-management two aspects to promote. Green ship, biodiesel, shore power, promoting vessels self-decelerate and setting air quality maintenance area are regard as the reference for future control regulation to promote
6. Trace the condition of air pollution prevention plan executed in port. According to the goal of usage on vessels decelerating and shore power, check the achievement and assess the benefit. Rolling review the rationality of goal. As of 2020 the achievement of decelerating rate has reached 49%. High-voltage shore power in fourth container terminal, port of Kaohsiung has run since August 1, 2020. Eleven vessels connect successfully during berthing.
7. The framework and flow for air pollution fee of ships refer the revenue flow of commercial port dues as base for planning. Declaration and payables can be executed from the ocean carrier and his consigned-customs-broker. The bill of air pollution fee of ships will send to designated address within seven days after ship leaving the port.
8. To follow the policy from EPA on the basis of the " Polluter-Pays " principle, drafted the air pollution fee of ships. In order to reduce air pollution in the port and enhance the shore power using rate. Connecting the policy of ship air pollution fee and shore power to provide economic incentives. The owner of ocean going vessels can apply for fee waiver if their ship use the shore power during the berthing. This program has already set up the structure of ship air pollution fee. Not only planned fund application but also drafted the law revision.
9. Through the study from this program, adding up the current port charges, commercial port dues and collecting air pollution fee of ships added, the fee for ships enter will raise 1%~64%. The operating burden for ocean carrier will be abound to increase. Owing to the current influence of COVID-19, lead to maritime industry depressed. The schedule should be assessed cautiously
10. Hosted a meeting about port air pollutant emissions inventory and reduction strategies and consultation about shore power promoting and strategies of collecting air pollution fee. Executing the work, this was about the joint inspection plan for three international commercial harbors, with the local environmental protection bureau.
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