| 英文摘要 |
In the project, water body pollution and industrial pollutant emission will be analyzed to improve water pollution control fee imposition scheme. Considering the environmental accumulation, seven heavy metals are not charged for pollutions since their concentrations are often 10% under the detection threshold. Also, the charges of heavy metals only account for 10% of the total fee. Owing to the concerns of legitimacy, the regulation of exemption for heavy metals with trace amounts lower than 10% of the control threshold will be reviewed and revised. The discount applies to the previous spacing. If the water quality examination value is non-detected, it is necessary to be charged with the detection limit.
On the other hand, the mercury emissions of the current flue-gas desulphurization method for wastewater generated by coal-fired power stations also have problems charging rationally. Therefore, the project analyzes coal mass and effluent water, as well as reviewing past research, advising that the charge of mercury trace amount should follow the current water quantity and quality reporting method. Along with the cancellation of heavy metals exemption regulation, the charging fee for mercury emission by coal-fired power stations can be legitimized.
Regarding the factors of fee increment, it is advised that the discount of water pollution control fee of industries and industrial sewer system being calculated under tightened water quality standards of the receiving water, total amount control threshold of controlling areas, or the authorized pollution emission limits of different items from their licensing authorities. Without charging according to the national effluent water standard threshold, the purpose of fee increment with increased emission amount can be fulfilled, facilitating emission reduction and water quality improvement.
In terms of Emission Factors, industries causing run-off wastewater pollution will be analyzed in this project, calculating the water pollution control fee with their manufacturing areas. In addition, the pollution fee of animal agriculture is charged by the feeding herds of cattle, sheep and fowl. However, the results of the analysis show that pollution emissions cannot be transferred into Emission Factors under most of the circumstances. On the consequence, the above method is not suggested.
In this project, five local governments were interviewed regarding their schemes of water pollution control fee levies. Through the feedbacks of the governments, the feasibility of levies, legalization processes and authority and responsibility aspects were discussed. Based on the interviews, references and guides of households’ water pollution control fees imposition were developed. These include suggested levies process interventions, levies autonomous regulations, and funds expenditure and custody autonomous regulations, providing imposition references for local governments.
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