| 英文摘要 |
The major aims of this project were to (1) investigate distribution of concerned chemicals in fifteen Taiwanese rivers, (2) simulate distribution patterns of particular chemicals in a specific river, and (3) propose national management strategies for toxic chemicals release. First, sediment and fish samples were collected from fifteen Taiwanese rivers (i.e., Nankan River, Toucian River, Keya River, Jhonggang River, Houlong River, Da-an River, Wu River, Beigang River, Puzih River, Yanshuei River, Erren River, Dian Bao River, Donggang River, Lanyang River and Shincheng River). Concentrations of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD), short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), nonylphenol (NP), bisphenol A (BPA), phthalate esters (PAEs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabrominated biphenyls (HBBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metal and methylmercury were determined in collected samples and 15,180 analyzed data were obtained. The concentrations of most analyzed chemicals (e.g. NP, BPA and PAEs ) in sediments is decreased with time. The results indicate that the control strategies of the usage of those chemicals are helpful to reduce those release into the environment. It will be continuely include the candidate chemicals with global concerns, high production volume, environmental hazards and human health effects into the background investigation of environmental distribution of chemical substances.
Second, assessments of the multiple media transport and health risk of metals in the Yanshuei river basin was performed using measured metal concentrations in water and simulated metal levels in different environmental media by the computing models. As to the results of health risk assessment based on wastewater pollution simulations in different water irrigation scenarios, the main exposure route was consumption of fish and crops. The cancer risk of 95% UL was 1.34×10-6 and 3.41×10-5 for consumption of fish and crops, respectively. As is the main contributor. Non-cancer risk of 95% UL HI was 0.008 and 1.26 with Hg, Pb and As as the main contributors.
Finally, the management systems of Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) in Japan, United States, European Union, Canada, and Australia were collected and assessed. The strict filing regulation in release of chemicals was proposed to completely control the release of toxic chemicals into the environment. The priority list of 36 chemicals and secondary list of 247 chamicals have been selected using the risk-based screening model. The stepwised management of these candidate chemicals and the cooperative management between government and local agencies were also proposed. The "Guidelines for the Designation of Toxic Chemical Substances and Estimation of Releases - Second Edition" was amed for prioriting estimating the release of toxic chemicals and suggesting the accuracy of the calculated parameters. Taking DEHP and BPA as examples, the target high-risk industries were explored using the merging data of three major databases for toxic chemicals, including release data, operation data, and environmental monitoring data.
|