| 英文摘要 |
In order to grasp the national emission trends, as a reference for regulation, the base year emission calculation is reviewed and conducted every three years to renew the national air pollutant emission inventory, and to update it partially over the years.
The main works of this year's program include the final check and update of the emissions of TEDS version 10.0 (2016 base year), as well as the completion of its release online. In the meanwhile, this year 2019 is the base year of next TEDS edition, thus the collection of satellite data related to the intensity of the 2019 base year activity has to be carried out during the year and continued until the end of 2019. The main achievements of this year’s program are summarized as follows:
1. Mastery of emission status and inspection and update of the base year emission data: The final inspection and modification of the 2016 base year emissions have been completed, and the TEDS version 10.0 has been released online at the beginning of September 2019. The emissions in the year 2017 are estimated while those over the years 2002~2015 provided by the previous TEDS version are corrected, following the TEDS 10.0 method. The emission trends of various pollutants are then analized, in order to provide the basis information for air pollution control work. As the results of the 2016 base year of TEDS 10.0, the national emissions in total are 362,268 MT for TSP (fixed source accounts for 91.0%), 111,609 MT for SOX (fixed source accounts for 78.9%), 377,844 MT for NOX (fixed source accounts for 44.3%), 521,010 MT for NMHC (fixed source accounts for 78.7%), 64,129 MT for PM2.5 (fixed source accounts for 70.9%), and 638,284 MT for CO (fixed source accounts for 45.0%). In comparison to the emissions of 2013 (the base year of TEDS 9.0), the 2016 TSP, SOX, NOX, NMHC, PM2.5 and CO emissions decrease by 5.9%, 7.0%, 5.4%, 2.1%, 9.1%, and 14.5%, respectively. It is also shown that the TSP, SOX, NOX, PM2.5 emissions in the industrial sector and the NOX, NMHC, CO emissions in the road transport sector (vehicles) as well as the emissions of various pollutants above in the open burning sector exhibit obvious downward trends in the recent years (2013~2017), which could mean that the relevant emission control measures have been effective.
2. Satellite telemetry survey of river dust area and emission estimation: The river dust emissions in 2016 are estimated, and meanwhiles the satellite data of this year are used to judge the location and the area of the bare lands of the major rivers for the base year 2019. The method of investigating the exposed area of rivers is to judge the area in both the wet season and the dry season based on satellite telemetry, and to estimate the monthly changes with reference to the relevant vegetation index. Besides, the estimation method of the river dust emission is modified, where the emission coefficients of the coarse and fine particles are calculated separately using different formulas, because the ratio of the coarse to fine particles in dust is variable due to factors such as wind speed and surface characteristics.
3. Construction of straw open-air combustion coefficients and combustion area survey: In this year, an open burning method (different from the combustion furnace method used previously) is used to simulate the open-air combustion of straw for the detection of local emission factors, and the relevant results are included in the analyses of estimation of straw open-air combustion emissions. In the meanwhile, the satellite data of this year are used to determine the open burning area of the straw for the base year 2019. The measured results of the straw open-air combustion emission factors of this year show that the SOX, NOX and CO emission factors are lower than and NMHC are higher than those measured in the previous project, respectively, but all of them are close to the foreign literature data. Domestic related research has shown that the accuracy is limited by using satellite data to determine the open burning area of straw, therefore we propose to apply the farmland burning proportion data from the Agriculture and Food Agency, as the main basis for estimating the open burning area of straw in the future.
4. Execution and Planning of the Emission Management Plan: 2019 is the second year of the three-year cycle of the Emission Management Plan from 2018 to 2020, thus all the reporting projects and implementation methods have been pre-planned in 2018. The standard tables and related explanatory documents have been updated and released for download by all counties/cities at the beginning of this year, and the review comments and preliminary evaluations for the reports from all counties/cities will be conducted at the end of November 2019.
5. Green GNP preparation: In conjunction with the Green GNP preparation of DGBAS (Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics), all the air pollutant emission related tables and data required for the preparation of the 2018 Green GNP have been completed and submitted to DGBAS in early August of this year.
6. Collection of the latest foreign information, and other administrative supports: The latest information and news about the construction of the emission data and the estimation tools in Europe, the United States, Japan, Korea and China are collected and updated. In conjunction with the release of TEDS version 10.0 online, the webpages related to air pollution emission are all updated, complying with the requirements of the EPA's webpage inspection and web accessibility. Other administrative supports include the assistance to the EPA to handle the program-related expert consultation meeting during the year.
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