| 英文摘要 |
Taiwan is situated in a subtropical zone and has a warm and humid climate. Its environment is suitable for breeding mosquitoes, cockroaches, flies, moth flies, dust mites, and bedbugs, which are not only important pests inside and outside homes but are also an indicator of environmental quality. The first step of pest control is the sanitary improvement, but the goal cannot be achieved in a short time. The temporary solution is still to use pesticides for emergency control. This can realize immediate results, but its effectiveness depends on understanding the ecological habits of pests, pest monitoring, pesticide selection, and regular detection of drug resistance. In this way, a correct integrated control method can be planned. This study team completed a survey on the species and densities of pests in Taiwan in 2017, including mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, moth flies, dust mites, and bedbugs, built test populations, and established the drug-susceptibility data and discriminating dose (concentration) of the above pest species to ten common pesticides (cypermethrin, tetramethrin, permethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, pirimiphos-methyl, propoxur, fipronil, and imidacloprid) in Taiwan in 2018. In this annual program, based on the drug-susceptibility data of various pests established in 2018, the specie strains with the highest resistant were used to test the efficacies of commercial pesticides.
The specie strains with the highest resistant of Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus, were used to test the efficacies of the commercial pesticides in four common dosage forms (aerosol, mosquito fumier, fumigant, and mosquito repellent tablet), and the results showed that the efficacies of eight aerosols, eight mosquito fumiers, eight fumigants, and eight mosquito repellent tablets on Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti met the environmental sanitary drug efficacy test and examination standards of the Environmental Protection Administration. In addition, the efficacies of eight aerosols, eight mosquito fumiers, eight fumigants, and five mosquito repellent tablets on Culex quinquefasciatus met the environmental sanitary drug efficacy test and examination standards of the Environmental Protection Administration and were consistent with the control effects marked on the products.
The specie strains with the highest resistant of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana, were used to test the efficacies of the commercial pesticides in four common dosage forms (aerosol, liquid, fumigant and bait), and the results showed that the efficacies of eight aerosols, eight liquids, two fumigants, and eight baits on Blattella germanica met the environmental sanitary drug efficacy test and examination standards of the Environmental Protection Administration. The efficacies of eight aerosols, eight liquids, eight fumigants, and eight baits on Periplaneta americana met the environmental sanitary drug efficacy test and examination standards of the Environmental Protection Administration and were consistent with the control effects marked on the products.
The specie strains with the highest resistant of Musca domestica, Chrysomya megacephala and Drosophila melanogaster, were used to test the efficacies of the commercial pesticides in four common dosage forms (aerosol, liquid, fumigant and bait), and the results showed that the efficacies of four aerosols, five liquids, eight fumigants, and eight baits on Musca domestica met the environmental sanitary drug efficacy test and examination standards of the Environmental Protection Administration. The efficacies of five aerosols, seven liquids, eight fumigants, and eight baits on Chrysomya megacephala met the environmental sanitary drug efficacy test and examination standards of the Environmental Protection Administration. The efficacies of eight aerosols, eight liquids, eight fumigants, and seven baits on Drosophila melanogaster met the environmental sanitary drug efficacy test and examination standards of the Environmental Protection Administration and were consistent with the control effects marked on the products.
The species of Telmatoscopus albipunctatus with the highest resistant were used to test the efficacies of the commercial pesticides in two common dosage forms (aerosol and emulsion), and the results showed that the efficacies of two aerosols and two emulsions on Telmatoscopus albipunctatus met the environmental sanitary drug efficacy test and examination standards of the Environmental Protection Administration and were consistent with the control effects marked on the products.
Cimex lectularius was used to test the efficacies of the commercial pesticides in two common dosage forms (aerosol and emulsion), and the results showed that the efficacies of one aerosol and one emulsion on Cimex lectularius met the environmental sanitary drug efficacy test and examination standards of the Environmental Protection Administration and were consistent with the control effects marked on the products.
Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were used to test the efficacies of the commercial pesticides in common dosage forms (aerosol), and the results showed that the efficacies of five aerosols on Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus met the environmental sanitary drug efficacy test and examination standards of the Environmental Protection Administration and were consistent with the control effects marked on the products.
The test data of the common commercial pesticides mentioned in the preceding paragraph on various pest species with the highest resistant were established to be used as the basis for vector control companies, environmental drug producers, environmental protection units, and the public in selection, to increase the knowledge of spray technicians and the applicability of pesticide selection as well as provide suggestions on efficacy test specifications. In the future, the discriminating doses (concentration) established by this study team will be further used to conduct a wide-ranging drug resistance analysis and a cross resistance study, establish rapid screening test methods for wild vector populations, and develop the various simple methods described above to test the drug resistance of pests, so as to train primary-level workers to test drug resistance, improve environmental drug management, and enhance the integrated pest control system.
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