土壤及地下水污染場址關切污染物之吸入性暴露參數研究計畫
| 中文摘要 | 地下水中的有害物質能透過飲用水食入、淋浴或日常清洗過程中直接吸入及皮膚接觸進入人體並造成有害的健康效應。目前國內使用之暴露參數多參考美國所建置的數據，但從風險評估的角度來看，不同的人種、生活習慣、文化背景及人體生理構造等差異皆會影響評估結果之合理性。鑒於國內目前尚缺乏受年齡、性別、肺結構、肺功能和呼吸模式所影響之本土化呼吸速率參數，因此本年度計畫期透過攜帶式能量代謝系統(COSMED K5)建立安靜及淋浴時本土化呼吸速率參數後，實際應用於污染場址之健康風險評估。本計畫100位20-40歲受試者在安靜及淋浴狀態時呼吸速率分別為13.2 ± 2.91 m3/day及14.7 ± 3.18 m3/day，結果顯示目前環保署土壤及地下水資訊管理系統(SGM系統)中成人呼吸速率(17.14 m3/day)及淋浴呼吸速率(24.0 m3/day)預設值會有高估的疑慮，而呼吸速率也會受性別、年齡及生理狀態所影響。本研究利用COSMED K5實測淋浴時能量代謝率、攝氧因子及換氧當量值，建立了預估20-40歲受試者呼吸速率的本土化修正公式；同時為了評估加速規用於淋浴情境下推估呼吸速率的適用性，亦進行利用加速規量測三軸加速度預估之呼吸速率值與攜帶式能量代謝系統實測之呼吸速率值的相關性分析(r=0.766; p<0.01)，結果顯示加速規是可用於淋浴情境時呼吸速率之推估。以屏東地區某地下水污染場址進行20-40歲成人暴露於受含氯有機物污染地下水之健康風險評估模擬，發現使用SGM系統呼吸速率預設值計算出來的風險會有高估的疑慮；男女性因生理結構上的差異，所造成受體暴露量也會有所不同。本研究建議未來SGM系統呼吸速率預設值應增加呼吸速率分布以提供相關單位進行人體健康風險的估算。 | ||
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| 中文關鍵字 | 本土性暴露參數、呼吸速率、地下水、健康風險評估 | ||
基本資訊
| 專案計畫編號 | 經費年度 | 109 | 計畫經費 | 1420 千元 | |
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| 專案開始日期 | 2020/05/12 | 專案結束日期 | 2021/05/11 | 專案主持人 | 簡伶朱 |
| 主辦單位 | 土污基管會 | 承辦人 | 夏瑞敏 | 執行單位 | 臺北醫學大學 |
成果下載
| 類型 | 檔名 | 檔案大小 | 說明 |
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| 期末報告 | EPA109A246.pdf | 8MB | 報告書定稿 |
Study on inhalation exposure parameters for assessing health risk of concerned pollutants in soil and groundwater contaminated sites
| 英文摘要 | Harmful substances in groundwater could cause adverse health effects when entering into human body via drinking water, direct inhalation or dermal contact during showering and washing. Currently, the exposure parameters used in Taiwan are majorly based on those established by the U.S. From the standpoint of the risk assessment, however, differences in ethnicity, life style, cultural background, and physiological attributes can all render the results of the risk assessment unreasonable. Since there still lacks a systematic investigation on the localized inhalation rate that heavily depends on ages, genders, lung structure, lung function, and breathing patterns, this project aims at establishing these parameters during resting and showering using a portable gas exchange analyzer (COSMED K5). The estimated parameters will also be applied to evaluate the inhalation exposure to pollutants in contaminated sites for Taiwanese. There were 100 participants recruited in this study. The results of respiratory rates were 13.2 ± 2.91 m3/day and 14.7 ± 3.18 m3/day for resting and showering conditions, respectively. Based on the results, the current default values recommended by the Soil and Ground Information Management System (SGM system) for the respiratory rates during resting (17.14 m3/day) and showering (24.0 m3/day) were both overestimated. In addition, this study also found that the respiratory rates were influenced by genders, ages, and physiological conditions. The COSMED K5 was used to evaluate the energy expenditure, oxygen uptake factor, and ventilatory quotient. The localized modified equations for the respiratory rates were established for the participants aged 20-40. Besides, in order to verify the suitability of using accelerometer as an alternative for estimating respiratory rates for different activities, this study also analyzed the correlation between the acceleration value obtained by the accelerometer and the respiratory rates measured by the portable energy metabolism system. The result (r=0.766; p<0.01) showed that the accelerometer was suitable for predicting the respiratory rates under the showering scenario. The groundwater contaminated sites in Pingtung were selected to estimate the health risk for adults in age 20-40 exposing to groundwater contaminated by the chlorinated organic compounds. We found that the risk calculated by the SGM system default values may be overestimated. A significant difference in the physiological structures between men and women can also result in the different exposure dosages based on our results. We suggest that the SGM system to provide, in addition to the default values, the distribution of respiratory rates established in this study for estimating the human risk assessment in the future. | ||
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| 英文關鍵字 | Local exposure factors, inhalation rate, groundwater, health risk assessment | ||