| 英文摘要 |
Mobile source pollution is one of the major reasons for the deterioration of air quality in the metropolitan area and the key point which the environmental-protection and traffic authorities focus on. Besides, emitting the black smoke from diesel vehicles is most series problem blamed by citizens. In order to improve the emission by diesel vehicles, the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) has implemented not only, irregular inspections, but also enhance the control measures for diesel vehicles. For example, assist Tier-1 to Tier-3 heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) to be replaced for new ones, install air pollution control equipment or repair fuel injection system, and it has formulated annual targets for achievement. By the end of 2022, EPA will assist as many as 44,000 Tier-1 to Tier-3 HDDVs to improve pollution. From 2017 to November 2021, the subsidy measures for large diesel vehicles have reduced TSP by approximate 3,728 metric tons (including PM10 3,281 tons and PM2.5 2,902 tons), NOx approximate 50,617 metric tons, and NMHC approximate 4,567 metric tons, which is equivalent to the NOx emission of 51.4 coal-fired generating units or the NMHC emission of 5.6 refineries.
Until November 2021, there are 10,421 Tier-1 to Tier-3 HDDVs have been eliminated. Among the applications for subsidies, include purchasing new or used vehicles, eliminating Tier-1 to Tier-3 HDDVs and transferring for new vehicles, totaling 9,112 cases. In addition, this plan would also help EPA to officially approve the subsidy eligibility for 137 vehicle maintenance plants, 9 imported and 3 domestic diesel particulate filter (DPF) vendors. Furthermore, statistics have showed that the smoke improvement rate by HDDVs after installing DPF can reach as much as more than 90%.
This plan would also help EPA revise the "Smoke Opacity Testing Methods and Procedures of Diesel Vehicles". First, the EPA has abolished previous measure of reflection-type (pollution degree) detection method using filter in order to make it simpler and more convenient for the general public. Secondly, there is not necessary to test the horsepower once the maintenance plant confirms the vehicle condition is excellent. Finally, the standard of horsepower testing withdrawal is strengthened.
During the period of the plan, nationwide correlation test of diesel emission testing stations has been finished well, only one inspection line was found to exceed the control range, showing that the quality of testing stations for diesel vehicles is favorable. Moreover, experts and scholars were invited to handle the evaluation of diesel vehicles (including testing stations for diesel vehicle) in various counties and cities. As compared to the previous results, the number of cities and counties with outstanding performance are found to have stayed the same for 9 stations, but the members of committee indicate that the implementation quality by environmental protection bureaus in each county and city has improved significantly. Finally, the statistics of the past six years shows that through irregular inspection of diesel vehicles, the nation-wide disqualification rate dropped from 10.1% to 4.7%, indicating emission by diesel vehicles has improved year by year.
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