| 英文摘要 |
Located in subtropical and tropical regions, Taiwan has a warm and humid climate that supports the breeding of mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, moth flies, dust mites and bed bugs. They are not only important environmental pests inside and outside the home, but also indicators of environmental quality. The top priority of the control of environmental pests is to improve environmental sanitation, and its effectiveness depends on the understanding of the ecological habits of pests, the monitoring of pest occurrence, the selection of pesticides and the regular detection of pesticides resistance. From 2014 to 2020, our research team has completed the investigation on mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, moth flies, dust mites and bedbugs of northern strains A, B, C, D, E, central strains B, C, E, southern strains C and D as well as eastern strains A and B. In addition, the pesticides resistance tests of the above-mentioned environmental pests to 10 pesticides and commercial environmental agents were completed, and the different control techniques against the cockroaches and bedbugs and the simple and rapid pesticides resistance detection methods for various pests were established.
This year (2021), the foregoing survey data from 2014 to 2020 were analyzed to establish the survey principles for the species and regions of environmental pests in urban areas of Taiwan and the selection of environmental agent components and dosage forms; Based on the analysis results, it was suggested that a complete survey plan should be carried out for investigating the species and regions of pests from January to December of the whole year, and the survey areas should be divided into three phases in Taiwan. The first phase should be carried out in five special municipalities and counties where resistance strains had been detected. The places where pests were breeding were taken as the investigation sites. Methods of pest investigation were selected according to the monitoring survey or for the establishment of strain and different pest species; In terms of the principles of the investigation on the effective ingredients and dosage forms of environmental pesticides, it was suggested that the areas where resistance to pesticides had been detected should be investigated first, and further extensive cross-resistance testing should be carried out for this strain to confirm whether the effective ingredients of pesticides had cross-resistance or multi-resistance to environmental pests; The selection of dosage forms was carried out in three phases in accordance with statistical magnitude on Environmental Agent Permit and Pest Control Industry License released by Toxic and Chemical Substances Bureau, EPA. Those with a large number of environmental agents on the market and those whose efficacy test results in the past failed to meet the standards of prevention and control efficacy registered in accordance with Environmental Agent Permit are preferred.
This year (2021), the species and basic ecological research, monitoring and density of main environmental pests in urban areas of Taiwan were investigated and a stable laboratory strain was established. The group and density of mosquitoes and flies from January to November of northern strain A, northern strain D, central strain D, southern strain B and southern strain E were investigated. Besides, we’ve completed establishing 5 strains of Aedes albopictus, 1 strain of Aedes aegypti, 5 strains of Culex quinquefasciatus, 4 strains of Armigeres subalbatus, 5 strains of Musca domestica, 5 strains of Chrysomyia megacephala, 5 strains of Drosophila melanogaster. From January to November, the species and density of cockroaches of central strains D, central strains E, southern strains B, southern strains E and eastern strains B were investigated, and 5 strains of Blattella germanica and 5 strains of Periplaneta americana were established. From January to November, the population species and density of northern strain A, southern strain B and southern strain E were investigated and 3 strains of Telmatoscopus albipunctatus were established. The species and density of the northern strain A and the southern strain E were investigated from January to November, and 2 strains of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and 1 strain of Dermatophagoides farinae were established. Central strain B and Central strain E of Cimex lectularius were established.
In this research, an attractant technique for controlling adult Aedes mosquitoes was developed. A total of 73 domestic and foreign paper have been collected and analyzed, and experiments on feeding rate of different types of sugar baits and attractant preference index have been completed. The results showed that as far as the type of sugar bait was concerned, the sponge strip adsorbed by syrup and jelly bars performed best; The attractant at 0.1 μg/ml TNT solution has the best preference index. The efficacy of the attractive toxic sugar baits (containing 0.1 μg/ml TNT solution and 1 % boric acid) was tested and the results showed that mortality can reach to 99 % and 93 % for both of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus after 48 hours.
An expert consultation meeting was held on August 5. Of which, seven experts were invited to provide their insights and guidance on the correct direction of research. The study is 100% completed at present, meeting the condition of 100% completion of the research and holding an expert consultation meeting.
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