| 英文摘要 |
Mobile source emission is one of the major pollution sources that affecting directly the local air quality. However, the accuracy of its emission factors, including vehicle age distribution, average mileage, fuel consumption, fuel efficiency, traffic flow, and road length, is challenging to characterize. In order to quantify the contribution of mobile source to air quality, it is still necessary to continuously improve the estimation of mobile source emissions, and quantify their impact in terms of policy purpose.
The effectiveness of mobile source emission control and policy promotion could be obtained through the assessment study of emission reduction. This program reviewed and adopted suitable reduction parameters of control strategies of mobile source to investigate their effectiveness on air quality. International transportation, public-shared vehicles, and low-emission vehicles promotion were also studied in this program. Cross-department cooperation and data integration is necessary on these issues. The coordination meetings where implemented in this program as well.
Several achievements were obtained is this program and summarized as follows:
1. The mobile sources emission data, including the activity of unit strength index, publication frequency, and historical data, where updated to 2021.
2. Mobile source emission estimation, including vehicle activity intensity, emission factors, and emission, were completed for 2019.
3. With the implementation of vehicle emission standard increasing and replacement for old vehicles, the emission from vehicle tailpipe declined year by year. Comparing the difference of suspended particles emission in 2020 and 2019, non-tailpipe emission increased by 2% and tail pipe emission decreased by 5%, SOX decreased by 7%, NOX decreased by 6%, CO decreased by 4%. On the other hand, there is no significant difference for HCs and Pb.
4. Most of the vehicle travel intensity, except heavy-duty trucks, decreased significantly during the period of nationwide the level 3 epidemic alert, resulting in the emission from mobile source reduced through the lower vehicle travel intensity.
5. The predicted emission of PM decreases by 600 mt, (3~4% of total annual PM emission), NOX by 6,000 mt (5% of total annual emission), and NMHCs by 3,000 mt (3~4% of total annual emission).
6. The fuel life cycles and emission factors from electrical vehicles, including electrical motorcycles, buses, and trucks, were preliminarily established with local data in this program to account for the future requirement of electrical or low-emission vehicles.
7. Through the effectiveness assessment of several mobile source control strategies in this study, replacement for old scooter and heavy-duty vehicles is the prior recommendation in terms of emission reduction resources needed.
8. In order to increase emission reduction effectiveness on bus electrification, the draft of “Guidelines for Electric Bus Subsidy Pilot Program” was proposed. The subsidy are based on operating mileage and number of passengers. The subsidy based on continuously passenger-mileage will be evaluated in the future to further enhance the environmental substantial benefits of air pollution reduction through buses electrification.
9. Different feasible action plan of low-emission vehicle might apply in different area according to urban development level, public transportation plan, and personal transport usage.
10. This program continuously helps EPA to encourage people replacing old vehicle with low-emission one. In order to promote this policy, the plans of establishing complete charging stations and their supporting infrastructure were also proposed in this program.
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