| 英文摘要 |
In order to meet the national key policy of Net-Zero Emission Roadmap by 2050, the Ministry of Environment (MOENV) faces up to the emission from harbor and airports for aligning with international standards. This program helps MOENV to focus on updating the emission inventory of several pollution sources periodically and investigating the control effect of emission mitigation strategies. The key of implementation focus on improving the breadth, depth and application of the emission inventory. Reconfirm the correctness of emission estimation modules and update the relevant parameters of the emission estimation by collecting the latest international estimation methods, which in turn build emission inventory of port areas and airports. Regarding the application of emission, this program examines the effectiveness of harbor and airport control measures by analyzing time series and grid space of emission distribution, viewing the changes of emissions over the years and estimating emissions loads in the future. In terms of reviewing strategic of emission control, this program focus on researching the control measure and responded of countries and the development of alternative fuels whereby adapt to the latest maritime greenhouse gas reduction targets by IMO. This program also update the latest proposals on Marine Environment Protection Committee continuously and provide feasible supporting measures for domestic execution.
As far as the control of fuels from mobile pollution sources, this program allocates and analyses the regulations of mobile pollution source oils in various countries and the development of emerging alternative fuels at home and abroad, and then evaluates the feasibility of domestic implementation.
As for the sampling and inspection work of domestic mobile pollution source fuels was completed, this program finished 7 sets of gasoline, 7 sets of diesel, 7 set of aviation fuel, and 7 sets of marine fuel inspection. These tests all meet the regulatory standards of “Amendment to the Standards for the Composition of Mobile Pollution Source Fuels”. This program also provides measures of control policies on mobile source by collecting and analyzing the fuel inspection of mobile source by local government.
The achievements of this program are summarized as follows:
1. Completed the data inventory and estimation model construction for the estimation of 13 new domestic airports, and collected the relevant parameters which required for estimation of port areas, airports and territorial sea inventories, and then constructed emissions inventories among 18 ports , 17 airports, fishing vessels and territory sea.
2. The emission from airport during COVID-19 epidemic period was estimated 48% lower than before the epidemic. On the other hand, the emission from ship showed cruise ships affected the industry of shipping significantly. However, cruise ships were not the main type of ship entering and departing domestic ports. Therefore, the changes in port areas is smaller than at airports.
3. To examine the pollution emission contribution of the harbors and airports in the counties and cities by the National Emissions Inventory (TEDS 11.1) and the inventory estimate results of this program. In the main island, the highest emission of harbor contribution is Keelung and Kaohsiung, accounting for 13% and 20% respectively. In the outlying islands, the highest emission of harbor contribution is Lianjiang, accounting for 51%
4. Compiled international control measures related to shore power and tracked the domestic use of high-voltage shore power, and proposed amendments to the "Principles for Offsetting Incremental Air Pollutant Emissions from Development Reviewed by the Environmental Protection Agency of the Executive Yuan". Increase usage rate of shore power by enhancing the offset credit obtained.
5. To propose the feasible suggestions of domestic air pollutant reduction by analyzing the newest control measures of ports and airports at home and abroad. For the harbor, in line with the current policy direction of MOENV, reducing the pollution of ship during berthing is the primary goal, which recommended developing alternative energy and introducing reduction policies and equipment, etc. For the airport, flight safety is still a priority, so the relevant suggestions are mainly behavioral control, including reducing engine idle rotation and reducing take-off thrust, etc.
6. The implementation of NIP this year until October 2023, 47.2% of ships reduced their speed while approaching to Taiwan, an increase of 0.2% from 2011. Ships equipped with high-voltage shore power docked at the high-voltage shore power terminal, which utilization rate was 86.8%, a decrease of about 5% from 2011.
7. Analyzing multiple feasible fee bases for ship of air pollution fee, this program recommend adopting the current fee rates of fixed pollution source. In order to increase the willingness of ships to reduce their emission, this program plan grading fee that charging fee based on the reducing-emission measures of ship, such as shore-power connection, low-sulfur fuel and alternative fuel.
8. Combining with the air pollution fee rates of ships that this program suggest and current port-related tariffs. After levying air pollution fee of ship, the cost of entering Taiwan’s ports will increase about 7.4 to 28.8%. Taking the ports tariff of port charges has adjusted by 10% in 2023 into account, levying air pollution fee of ship will affect the domestic shipping industry.
9. Completed the sampling and inspection of 14 sets of gasoline and diesel, and 14 sets of aviation and marine fuel. All 28 sets of fuel sample met the “Amendment to the Standards for the Composition of Mobile pollution source Fuels”.
10. After compiling the international control standards of oil product, taking into account the market demand and environmental factors for automobile gasoline and diesel in Taiwan, the current gasoline and diesel control standards were generally in line with international trends.
11. Compiled the promotion status and trends of sustainable aviation fuel, biomass ship fuel, green methanol fuel and other alternative fuels at home and abroad, etc.
12. Collected relevant information on ship fuel inspections, and implemented the implementation of boarding ship sampling under this program, as well as the implementation of joint inspections of maritime vessels carried out by the Coast Guard, the MOENV, and the local Environmental Protection Department. As stated above, this program also put forward suggestions for improving the "Ship Pollution Improvement and Audit Principles".
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