| 英文摘要 |
Road transportation accounts for 97% of GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in the transportation sector, where the emissions are mainly from passenger cars. In response to the key policy of the national 2050 Net-Zero Emission Roadmap, it is necessary to formulate the GHG emission standards for new vehicles, and the transportation industry has to be included in the GHG emissions disclosure. Overviewing the GHG standards of major international countries, light-duty new vehicles are the priority control objects by all countries. Car manufacturers have to ensure that the average CO2 emission of the whole-plant does not exceed the regulatory standard value, which will help to accelerate the introduction of electric vehicles and the achievement of net-zero targets. The domestic roadmap of the average CO2 emissions for passenger cars has been designed by referring to the international trends, the domestic electrification targets of passenger cars, the improvement of energy efficiency of domestic vehicles and the evaluation of the trend of the introduction of hybrid cars. Referring to the domestic related control measures, the schemes and the draft of GHG emission standards for domestic vehicles have been designed based on the consistency of policy goals, minimizing impact on vehicle manufacturers and administrative procedures. Suggestions for supporting measures were proposed. An expert consultation meeting has also been held, where various experts, scholars and representatives of relevant units have exchanged opinions on the promoting direction of management strategies.
This study also uses a life-cycle model to evaluate the difference in GHG emissions between electric vehicles and fossil fuel vehicles in Taiwan. Based on the power structure in 2021, the GHG emissions of electric passenger cars are only about half of those of fossil fuel passenger cars per kilometer. It has also been estimated that under the full electrification of passenger cars, CO2 could be reduced by approximately 9.5 million metric tons in total per year, corresponding to a reduction rate of 54%. It is obvious that if all fossil fuel passenger cars are replaced by electric ones, there would be considerable CO2 reduction benefits obtained.
During the research period, a freight operator was coached to understand the problems that transport operators may encounter when they are included in the GHG emissions inventory, and to assist the operator in conducting their own inventory, as well as to evaluate the applicability of the inventory form. At the same time, in response to the rise of the transportation platform, interviews with 4 such operators were completed. It has been estimated that the carbon emissions produced by the operators due to food delivery activities accounted for approximately 2.9% of the total emissions from gasoline-powered scooters and motorcycles in Taiwan.
Finally, by comparing and reviewing domestic and foreign vehicle control strategies including those planned in this study, the short, medium and long-term suggestions were proposed for future works.
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