| 英文摘要 |
The mobile pollution source is one of the main reasons for the deterioration of air quality in urban areas, with diesel vehicle emissions, particularly black smoke, being a major concern among the public. This project aims to improve air quality in Taipei City by conducting inspections and controls on diesel vehicles, providing citizens with a clean and fresh living environment.
Within the project timeline, 501 visual smoke inspections have been conducted, along with 9,206 dynamometer tests, and 1,280 roadside/station inspections. Among them, 140 vehicles failed the opacity test. Additionally, 3,001 proactive inspections have been issued.
To strengthen control over Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) vehicles, the project conducted NOx and NH3 concentration measurements on 100 SCR-equipped diesel vehicles in 2023. Out of these, 54 vehicles exhibited abnormalities (NOx not reduced and low NH3 levels). Consultation with vehicle maintenance departments revealed issues such as blocked urea nozzles causing incomplete atomization and internal leaks in urea pumps. The project recommends maintenance facilities to establish inspection items (e.g., OBD diagnosis, SCR system appearance, etc.), and in 2024, will notify operators to include urea nozzles and pumps as regular maintenance items.
Remote sensing can reduce manpower and enhance safety compared to current roadside inspections. In 2023, the project collaborated with the Vehicle Emission Remote Sensing Center to install remote sensing equipment at locations such as the Daping Expressway and Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall. Remote sensing was applied to 19,158 vehicles, and the overall inspection quantity (including roadside checks, station inspections/services, and remote sensing) increased by 2.3 times compared to 2022. The remote sensing of gasoline vehicles ranked first nationwide. Gasoline vehicle inspections mainly targeted vehicles aged 10 years, with 81% of those found to be at risk being small trucks over 15 years old. After reinspection, the HC level decreased from 273.8 ppm to 200 ppm, resulting in an improvement rate of approximately 27.0%. For diesel vehicles, remote sensing notifications were based on NO and NO/CO2 values, with 86% of vehicles at risk being small trucks over 7 years old. The project suggests that the Ministry of Environment should help establish relevant standards for NO remote sensing and testing for diesel vehicles.
Biodiesel can reduce carbon emissions by 85%. To promote zero carbon emissions, the Environmental Protection Bureau added B20 biodiesel to street cleaning vehicles in March 2023. Preliminary results from street cleaning vehicles led to the extension of the trial to logistics vehicles, with three vehicles having used 2,817.75 liters of biodiesel, estimated to reduce 6,797.05 kg of carbon emissions. Biodiesel can serve as a transitional energy source before full electrification of vehicles.
Regarding the subsidy for scrapping old large vehicles in phases 1-3, no subsidies were provided in 2023 after pre-application at the end of 2022. The Ministry of Environment introduced the "Subsidy Program for Scrapping Old Vehicles to Reduce Air Pollutants" and the "Subsidy Program for Scrapping Old Vehicles to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions." Subsidies for air pollution reduction apply to all vehicle types, while carbon reduction incentives apply to small trucks. If citizens retire old vehicles and purchase electric or low-emission vehicles, attributing the emission reduction benefits to the Ministry of Environment results in a subsidy of NT$2,000 for air pollution and NT$12,000 for carbon reduction. If purchasing a hybrid vehicle, the subsidy is half that of a fully electric vehicle. Additionally, to align with emission offset principles, developers can purchase emission reduction benefits from vehicle scrappage on a matching platform.
The project continues to promote relevant policies, aiming to retire old vehicles continuously. As of October 2023, the target for retiring old and improving pollution was 359 vehicles. Cumulatively, 177 vehicles in phases 1-3 have been retired, with 98 vehicles having their fuel control systems adjusted. Including the 2022 target of 470 vehicles, a total of 745 vehicles have been retired in 2023, exceeding the Ministry of Environment's set target. The Ministry of Environment continues to assist in checking abnormal cases for pollution improvement subsidy applications for vehicles below phase 3. This year, it has completed inspections for two vehicles and three certified maintenance facilities, finding no issues with equipment, invoices, or work orders.
Through pollution improvement for vehicles failing inspections, pre-inspection adjustments, and related subsidy policy applications, as well as the introduction of creative and enabling equipment, the project promotes vehicle condition checks, paperless inspections, and the trial use of biodiesel. According to the Ministry of Environment's recommended reduction factors and annual mileage, the project estimates a reduction of 66.71 tons/year of particulate matter (PM10) and 17,851.66 tons/year of CO2 emissions in 2023.
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