| 英文摘要 |
The main sources of air pollution in the Kaohsiung Port are attributed to the combined impact of industrial activities, port transportation, and traffic. Key pollutants include particulate matter (PM), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Comparing and analyzing monitoring data from the past five years, the annual average concentrations of various pollutants near the port have shown a decreasing trend. However, they still remain higher than the city average in Kaohsiung. Among them, there has been a significant improvement in SO2 levels around the port, with an overall improvement rate of 60.2% compared to 2018. The southern side of the port area has achieved an even higher improvement rate of 68.5% during the same period.
During the implementation period, ship emissions were identified as the main contributor to air pollution in the Kaohsiung Port area. Written reviews for 152 vessels found no serious deficiencies. Fuel analysis for 20 vessels complied with the 0.5% wt% sulfur standard. A trend was observed in 10 vessels, linking higher sulfur content to increased polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Visual inspections detected significant black smoke emissions in 4 vessels. Investigations on shore power systems, vessel deceleration, and proposed air pollution fees were conducted. A meeting with authorities discussed current regulations and provided feasible suggestions for reducing ship emissions in the port.
To address pollution from diesel-powered construction machines and unlicensed vehicles in the port area, a survey and management program were implemented. Exhaust tests were conducted on 105 construction machines, with 82 receiving Clean Emission Self-Management Label (78.1% pass rate). An advocacy meeting promoting electric construction machines was held, guiding 5 operators to adopt such equipment. Additionally, a survey of unlicensed vehicles identified 71 diesel vehicles, with 5 operators assisted in installing emission control devices or replacing vehicles. This approach combines voluntary measures with regulatory compliance to enhance pollution control capabilities.
The project conducted VOC sampling at 18 points and found that ship traffic had a relatively insignificant contribution to VOCs. Aldehydes and aromatic hydrocarbons were identified as the primary groups at all sampling points, with some VOC species showing distinct day-night variations. It is inferred that heavy vehicles and construction machines are among the main contributors to higher VOC concentrations in the port area. Additionally, two license plate recognition systems and two visual imaging CCTV systems at Chung-Tao were maintained and operated to monitor compliance with dust cover regulations for transport vehicles, operations at the docks, dust emissions from vehicles, and ship emissions. Weekly patrols and control measures were implemented to reduce the generation of fugitive particulate matter pollutants in the port area.
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