英文摘要 |
Penghu County, one of Taiwan's offshore island counties, is located in the Taiwan Strait and consists of the Penghu Archipelago. It is separated from Yunlin County and Chiayi County on Taiwan's main island by the Penghu Channel. Approximately 60% of the population resides in Magong City. The county comprises one city and five townships, for a total of six administrative divisions. Surrounded by the sea, Penghu's early economy relied heavily on fishing. However, as fishing resources dwindled, it transitioned to tourism as its primary economic activity.
Each summer, Penghu's Fireworks Festival and water activities attract crowds of visitors. Tourists travel to the county by air or ferry. In 2019, the number of visitors peaked at 1.286 million. However, this number dropped to 618,000 and 1.114 million in 2021 and 2022, respectively, due to the pandemic. By 2023, visitor numbers had rebounded to 1.275 million but decreased to 1.028 million in 2024.
Penghu County has an environmental monitoring station in Magong to track air quality and pollutants. With the exception of ozone (O3), all pollutants meet air quality standards. The 8-hour average of O3 concentration (95th percentile) showed a declining trend from 2019 to 2021 but remained slightly above the air quality standard of 60 ppb. The Ministry of Environment designated Penghu as a Level 3 Control Zone starting in 2021. From 2021 to 2023, O3 concentrations increased slightly from 67.3 ppb to 69.7 ppb and were at 68.2 ppb by the end of November 2024. Meanwhile, PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 concentrations, classified as Level 2 Control Zone pollutants since 2021, have shown improvement rates of 15.8%, 68.6%, and 34.3%, respectively, over the past five years. By the end of November 2024, the concentrations were 11.0 µg/m³ for PM2.5, 1.00 ppb for SO2, and 3.48 ppb for NO2.
The percentage of AQI readings above 100 decreased from 7.9% in 2019 to 3.8% in 2023 and further to 3.0% (10 days) in 2024, as of November. The primary pollutant was O3, often influenced by transboundary pollution brought by the northeast monsoon. Timely notifications were issued to inform the public.
The second phase of Penghu County's Air Pollution Prevention Plan (2024–2027) was developed and reviewed through several stakeholder meetings. The draft plan was finalized and approved by the Ministry of Environment in October 2024 after multiple rounds of revisions. Standard procedures for air quality maintenance and improvement audits were also established, including reviewing monthly, quarterly, and semi-annual reports and holding meetings to enhance plan implementation. Public education included five air quality and health literacy sessions targeting students of different age groups, emphasizing the importance of air quality and personal protection.
Under the "Emergency Response Measures for Severe Deterioration of Air Quality," four alerts were issued in 2024. All responses followed established procedures and were reported to the Ministry of Environment's website on time.
Using the CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality) model, an updated emissions inventory (TEDS11, based on 2019 data) was completed. The model revealed that over 90% of air quality impacts in Penghu were attributable to transboundary and domestic contributions from Taiwan.
Indoor air quality management extended previous efforts to guide non-regulated facilities catering to sensitive groups (e.g., kindergartens and social welfare institutions). Six out of 16 such facilities achieved excellent or good self-management certifications by 2024. Inspections showed indoor CO2 levels averaging 400–700 ppm, with higher concentrations attributed to poor ventilation in enclosed spaces. Thirteen regulated facilities were also audited for compliance with indoor air quality maintenance measures.
Efforts to purify air quality included expanding green spaces and reducing windblown dust emissions. The total green area increased from 85.5 hectares in 2010 to 142.3 hectares in 2024. Initiatives included promoting clean air green walls, holding one adoption briefing session for air quality purification zones, and recognizing outstanding adopters through a public awards ceremony.
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