| 英文摘要 |
This project is going to study the road test of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) which has been mass-produced and sold in foreign market, in order to know the environmental protection benefit and the opinion of people about the subsidy and promotion of this kind of environmental protection vehicle by the government. There are two annual goals: Firstly, to complete 4,000 km road test for two HEVs on urban road to verify their manipulation feature, maintenance condition, fuel economy, exhaust emissions, noise, and environmental protection benefit of energy conservation and pollution reduction. Secondly, to investigate and evaluate the opinion of urban people on the introduction of HEV. And the research results can be submitted to the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) as the reference for the determination of policy on promoting low pollution vehicle and improving air quality. The major research achievements are:
1. The Prius and Escape Hybrid are used in this project as two HEVs. The test drivers are selected from the drivers of rental car, taxi, business car, and commuting car. The road test was conducted in Taipei area in January - March 2006. The Prius had 12 drivers, and the mileage was 4991 km; the Escape Hybrid had 13 drivers, and the mileage was 4805 km, the total mileage was 9796 km.
2. The satisfaction rate is investigated after the road test. In the case of the Prius, the driver satisfaction rate is over 80% includes idling noise, start acceleration performance, instantaneous acceleration performance, total satisfaction level, driving noise in sequence. In the case of the Escape Hybrid, it includes parking noise, driving stability, start acceleration performance, instantaneous acceleration performance, manipulation performance, driving noise in sequence. It shows that the engine of HEV will stop revolving during idling and decelerating, meantime it still has engine and motor power, larger start and acceleration torque, which can be verified in road test.
3. If km/l is used as the unit of fuel consumption for the drivers of this road test, in the case of the Prius, it is 18.7 for rental car, 19.7 for taxi, 18.8 for business car, 17.2 for commuting car, and the average fuel consumption is 18.7; in the case of the Escape Hybrid, it is 9.2 for rental car, 9.7 for taxi, 9.4 for business car, 9.2 for commuting car, and the average fuel consumption is 9.4. In addition, the same grade of gasoline vehicle such as Vios 1.5, Camry 2.0, Escape 2.3, and Oshyare 3.0 are used for the comparison as rental cars, the fuel consumption is 10.8, 9.8, 8.1, and 6.7, respectively. If it is compared to the HEV, the improvement rate of energy consumption is 73%, 91% for the Prius and 14%, 37% for the Escape Hybrid, respectively.
4. When the maintenance record for 250,000 km (160,000 miles) road test of 9 HEVs conducted in US State of Arizona is investigated, the periodic maintenance is done mainly, which is similar to common gasoline vehicle. For the maintenance schedule of the Prius, the major difference is the inspection of battery and electric control system, motor generator system per 40,000 km.
5. The pollution, fuel consumption, and noise test is conducted before and after 4,000 km road test, the result shows the difference rate of fuel consumption and noise is within 3%. Though the difference rate of CO pollutant is up to 114%, the difference of value is only 0.01 (g/km). The major reason for higher difference rate is the test value is very low, which is almost located at the lower limit. Generally speaking, there is no significant difference for the pollution, fuel consumption, and noise of these two HEVs before and after road test.
6. If it is compared with the same grade of gasoline vehicle for the reduction benefit of pollution, fuel consumption, and noise, in the case of the Prius, the unit emission amount of CO, NMHC, NOx is reduced about 70%, the improvement of energy consumption is about 30~80%, the stationary noise is reduced about 10~20%, and the accelerated running noise is almost no difference; in the case of the Escape Hybrid, the unit emission amount of CO, NMHC, NOx is reduced about 70%, the improvement of energy consumption is about 5~40%, the stationary noise is reduced about 10~20%, and the accelerated running noise is almost no difference.
7. If it is assumed that the life cycle of each HEV is 120,000 km, comparing to the same grade of gasoline vehicle for the reduction of pollution, in the case of the Prius, CO is reduced about 40~50 kg, NMHC is reduced about 3~7 kg, NOx is reduced about 1~14kg; in the case of the Escape Hybrid, CO is reduced about 30~200 kg, NMHC is reduced about 5~17 kg, NOx is reduced about 0~8 kg.
8. If it is assumed that the life cycle of each HEV is 120,000 km, comparing to the same grade of gasoline vehicle for the reduction of fuel consumption, in the case of the Prius, the gasoline consumption is reduced about 5,000~6,000 liters. If the price of gasoline is 26(NTD) per liter, then about 120,000~150,000(NTD) is saved. In the case of the Escape Hybrid, the gasoline consumption is reduced about 1,800~5,000 liters and about 50,000~130,000(NTD) is saved
9. There are 400 questionnaires completed in this project. The statistic analysis is conducted for various demands. The investigation result shows that 55.5% of interviewees know HEV. Their major concept for HEV is gasoline saving (77.9%), low pollution (54.1%). Besides, the opinion of people for the subsidy of the government and the purchase willingness is also investigated, the result is as follows:
75% of people approve the government to use Air Pollution Fund to subsidize people to buy HEV. And 74% of people hope the subsidy shall be more than $100,000.
If the government uses Air Pollution Fund to subsidize people to buy HEV, 45.8% of people think it does not violate fair and justice principle. The major reason is that the reduction of pollution will be beneficial to people (77.9%). 53.5% of people think it violates fair and justice principle. The major reason is that it is not fair to the people without vehicle (56.6%).
In the case of the purchase willingness, 19% of people have the purchase willingness. 37% of people will consider about it only when the government provides subsidy. About 50% of people will buy sedan (47.8%) and recreation vehicle (49.1%), respectively. Only 19.2% of people have the capability (the budget is over $ 1 million) and willingness to buy HEV under the subsidy of the government. In the other word, only 10.8% of people have the capability and willingness to buy HEV.
10. In summary, comparing to the same grade of gasoline vehicle, these two HEVs have various environmental protection benefits on pollution, fuel consumption, and stationary noise from the verification of road test. In 400 questionnaires, 75% of people approve the government to subsidize people to buy HEV.
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