| 英文摘要 |
The purpose of this project was to work together with the governmental responsible team to establish a environmental fingerprints database for primary pollutant sources produced by the corresponding industries. The database was designed to search, to characterize and to be able to compare the fingerprints among the unknown environmental pollutants.
The project for FY95 focus on those industries including Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution Machinery Manufacturing (code:2811), Electric Wires and Cables Manufacturing (code:2812), Batteries Manufacturing (code:2840), Other Chemical Products Manufacturing (code:1790) and Petrochemicals Manufacturing (code:1712).
The work included：(A) Collect and analyz background data of these industries；(B) Screen the specific manufacturer and the process；(C) Visit and inspect the sampling site；(D) Lab test and chemical analyses；(E) Extract the fingerprint data from each specific pollutants；(F) Fingerprint data commentary；(G) Establish the characterization SOP manual for each industry
After primary screening, 31 representative manufacturers were visited and inspected. Among them, 76 samples were collected, and 71 samples were sent into the lab for further chemical analyses.
Sampling plan or scheme, including the background information about the target manufacturer were prepared for authorization before each on-site sampling.Moreover, safety issues were addressed according to the EPA SOP of the waste sampling procedure.
Fingerprint analyses in the laboratory included basic physical tests, organic chemical analyses (GC/FID, GC/MS and HPLC if needed), and inorganic chemical analyses (ICP-AES, IC and ICP/MS if needed ). The basic physical tests included the following six items: physical description, flammability test, and tests for componds including oxides, peroxides, sulfides, as well as cyanides.
The results obtained from on-site surveys and laboratory tests were integrated into this report to establish the fingerprints database of environmental pollutants for these five industries. To promptly tracing the source of pollutants, it is recommended to continuously track and update information in this database so as to be able to provide the most updated environmental fingerprints for characterization or comparison among the pollutants.The result obtained from this dtudy indicated:
In the Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution Machinery Manufacturing (code:2811) industry, most of the manufacture processes are assembling process of the components, and no chemical reaction process was involved among them. Therefore the fingerprint tract is rather straight forward. The majority of the wasts obtained from this industry are sludges (produced from the wast water treatment unit), painting residue and solvents wastes. Therefore the components in these wasts are fingerprint significant for this industry.
In the case of Electric Wires and Cables Manufacturing (code:2812), the fingerprint significant waste produced from this industry is very similar to the code 2811 industry. The sludge produced from the waste water treatment unite is still the majority. The varnish was widely used in the enamel-insulated wire manufacture process and is the fingerprint significant component.
For the Batteries Manufacturing (code:2840) industry, lead battery manufacture process is the major process in this survey. The photovoltage battery and the lithium battery manufacture process were also included here. Assembling process is the characteristic process for this industry, therefore less chemical conversion was involved during the process. Each battery manufacture process has its own characteristic component to tract.
In the Other Chemical Products Manufacturing (code:1790) industry, the major waste was solvent according to this survey. Sludges and ashes also play important role in this industry. It is difficult to define the characteric fingerprint component, unless sufficient process information is provided.
The Petrochemicals Manufacturing (code:1712) industry was surveyed before (FY 93 project), and the target manufacture process of this year survey is to strengthen the fingerprint diversity in the database of this industry. Sludges, ashes and process catalyst wastes are believed to be the wates with fingerprint important in this industry.
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| 英文關鍵字 |
Environmental forensic, chemical fingerprint, waste, Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution Machinery Manufacturing, Electric Wires and Cables Manufacturing, Batteries Manufacturing, Other Chemical Products Manufacturing, Petrochemicals Manufacturing
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