| 英文摘要 |
This project aims to understand the 259 kinds of toxic chemical substances, listed by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) and some potentially serious hazardous chemicals during the “operational acts” with the explosion or fire accidents, the fire spread, heat radiation and other high-temperature environment, the derivatives produced by the combustion or thermal decomposition may result in toxicity, environmental endangering and potential risks.
The objectives and project content includes: (1) the research and analyze on the derivatives during combustion, (2) the hazardous risk assessment of the derivative material, (3) review, propaganda and training.
The work of this project investigated and collected the references of 259 kinds of toxic chemical substances and potentially hazardous chemicals (non-toxic chemicals) about the combustion, explosion or thermal decomposition and other hazardous information. The derivatives of chemicals in the course of the explosion or fire accidents, combustion or thermal decomposition were estimated. According the established screening principles, about 40 chemicals (30 toxic and 10 non-toxic chemicals) were selected to the burning test.
By using Vent Sizing Package 2 (VSP2) for the high temperature pyrolysis experiments, the reaction samples were collected and then the Gas Chromatography/Mass, GC/MS) was employed to determine the decomposition products, as to identify possible chemicals of the derivatives.
Using the Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) for the combustion analysis, followed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to measure decomposed species. The carrier gas of TGA on behalf of the conditions of the anaerobic (purity nitrogen) and aerobic (nitrogen-oxygen mixture) combustion, respectively.
For the IR spectrum, mostly chemicals showed the original species. From the physical and chemical properties of these chemicals, the phase transformation during heating process, mostly chemicals vaporized into gas below the combustion temperature conditions. IR can capture of the species, showing the original compounds that can not be effectively known the derivatives under the high temperature combustion.
Risk assessment method for the 269 kinds of chemicals (including 259 kinds toxic and 10 kinds non-toxic chemicals) for summary of the risk assessment score calculated that, with the material’s relative hazard risk rating assessment methods. Referring to the DOW Fire and Explosion Index within a material factor and NFPA flammability (Nf), reactive (Nr) and health hazardous (Nh) classification, the parameters of factors combined to calculate the hazardous score, according to score the results of hazard risk rating classification. Others consider with capacity, temperature, pressure and other parameters, providing manufacturers to determine the process risk rating assessment. Material’s and process’s relative hazard level assessment results combined with the concept of the risk assessment were to determine the relative risk.
Consider with the leakage source mode and the result to do the risk assessment, simulation for five chemicals (vinyl chloride, chlorine, phosgene, 1,3-butadiene, carbon disulfide and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)). This study integrated the local geographic information (population distribution and ignition source distribution) and the fault frequency to assess the potentially personal risk and societal risk about the employees and neighboring population.
The demands and opinions for toxic chemical factories were to manufacture the combustion derivatives of toxic chemical information handbook. We collected all information to do the final adjustment, finalize copy and provide network platform to download.
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