| 英文摘要 |
In August, Taiwan experienced its worst floods in 50 years after Typhoon Morakot struck the most of the central, south, and east areas of Taiwan. As much as two meters (2,000 mm) of rainfall was brought by Morakot. Central, southern, and eastern Taiwan suffered serious flooding damage caused by Typhoon Morakot. The storm destroyed homes, farms, buildings, and roads, causing about NT$100 billion (US$3 billion) in damage. On Aug. 21, professors from local universities, Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (EPA), local government agencies, and volunteers from non-governmental organization (NGO) met at National Kaohsiung University, and jointly initiated an environmental impact assessment, monitoring, and reconstruction project. Five disaster-area investigation teams were formed after the meeting.
The major tasks for the five teams were to collect field data, construct geographical information system (GIS) for disaster areas, delineate environmental sensitive area, and develop environmental reconstruction plans. The objectives of this study included the following: (1) environmental monitoring and data collecting, (2) environmental sensitive area delineation, (3) construction GIS for disaster areas, (4) victims counseling, guidance, and assistance, and (5) environmental rebuilding plans development. Each of the five Disaster-area Investigation Teams was in charge of different investigation areas. Team A (Region A) was in charge of Nantou County, Chiayi County, and Yunlin County (Central Taiwan area); Team B (Region B) was in charge of Tainan County; Team C (Region C) was in charge of Kaohsiung County; Team D (Region D) was in charge of Pingtung County; and Team F (Region F) was in charge of Taitung County (Southeast Taiwan area). A total of 30 universities and 150 professors and researchers were involved in this project.
Results from this study indicate that the increases in PM2.5-10 concentrations were observed in central Taiwan areas. The increased formaldehyde concentration in indoor air was observed in several temporary shelters in Tainan areas. Due to the increased suspended solid concentrations in raw water, higher chlorine concentration was observed in the treated water at of the water treatment plant in Pingtung County. Conclusions from this study include the following: (1) Integrated and multimedia watershed management strategies need to be developed for those most sensitive and intensively used watersheds. (2) Application of natural treatment systems (e.g., land treatment, constructed wetland, porous media infiltration) for domestic wastewater treatment in the temporary and permanent home areas. (3) Construction of the watershed GIS and real time water quality monitoring system to effectively monitor and manage the watershed.
Future work includes the following: (1) Application of developed GIS for damage area and impact status evaluation. (2) Development of the EIA guidelines for the disaster areas and environmental sensitive areas. (3) Determination of the indicators for the environmental sensitive areas. (4) Analysis of the endocrine disrupting chemicals and emerging contaminants in water samples. (5) Follow-up multimedia (air, surface water, drinking water, soil, groundwater, sediment, sludge) investigation at the environmental sensitive areas and potential environmental pollution areas. (6) Development of green and sustainable permanent home areas.
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