| 英文摘要 |
Taiwan is surrounded by sea; the coastline is more than 1,500 kilometers and the marine water of Taiwan is the important channel for the international ocean shipping. Therefore, to prevent the wastewater or sewage of ship from being emitted into the sea become one of the significant topics. Since 2006, the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) established the mechanism of marine pollution response, and integrated the participating response personnel and equipments of support to promote the marine pollution handling.
The main work of this project, Promote the efficiency of Marine Pollution Emergency Response System, Establish the mechanism and rules of regional marine pollution emergency response system; Reinforce the management model of regional marine pollution emergency response equipment; Establish the procedure of response equipment in storage, using and maintenance; Investigate the classification of Marine Environmental Sensitivity Index.
In Taiwan, average 30%~40% of people, who have been trained in Marine Pollution Response, continue to execute relative works. Obviously, human resource deployment is quite frequent, and local authority executes marine pollutions projects with business stages. This situation of marine pollution execution causes that people did not have enough experience of marine pollution response, and then when marine pollution is happened, the response system might be executed easily.
In other country, special technical units or private response organizations are involved in marine pollution works mostly, this advantage is that deployment is effective and quick. The pollution cleaner can gain more experience to enhance response system. A suggestion is to establish a special department or authorize a project to execute marine pollution response works. Moreover, a prevent network is to control and integrate deployment of human resource and resource of regional emergency in the response system. It strengthens announcement and response ability of regional ocean occurrences. It cuts down executive time of marine pollution emergency response. It is effective to prevent pollution extension. It avoids to affect marine environmental sensitive region to cause that ecological and economic damage.
In Taiwan, marine pollution response equipments have been included in budget of the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) for purchasing since 2001. Then EPA contributes to the Coast Guard Administration (CGA) or the local main authorities using. The equipment grows up of nothing and improves the strain energy gradually. The number of equipment requirement is not enough. And status and number of current facilities is not able to cope with over 10,000 tons of serious marine pollution occurrences. The suggestion is further requirement that response equipments of all regions should be check regularly and the budget is planed for facility replacement. In addition, the maintenance system of response equipments should be included in a set of information system. The system can control maintenance status and schedule of all regions’ response equipments. Moreover, a suggestion is to award the designated company to execute and maintain response equipments of all regions. The suggestion might be to save budget by the designated company for the Government. For example, in Tai Chung, the Chin Shui station builds a storehouse of response equipments and a training center that are managed by the designated company, including equipment maintenance, education training and response drill etc. The public affair department can reduce human resource and expense, and response executors can improve their major skills.
In order to integrated with force and resource of civil organizations or groups to retain marine environment and protect marine resources together. We held two conferences about Marine Pollution Preventive Technique and Response Study. The study invited public organizations and groups for participant, including South Coastal Patrol Bureau of Coast Guard Administration、Environmental Protection Bureau of City Hall and County Government、 Marine Bureau、all regional Coastal Patrol brigades、Port Bureau、Kenting National Park、Taiwan Power company and Taiwan CPC corporation etc. The Study will invite all Environmental organizations and response organizations to advance communication of marine pollution response techniques and information. We have held four tabletop exercises and two drills of oil response, in order to inspect the difficulty and defects of local government oil spill response, and therefore simulate the procedure of response and analyze if local government store enough equipments for oil response. The oil spill response drills could reinforce proficient in equipment operations.
The project was carried out a 329 kilometers investigation of marine environment sensitive standard classification. Established environment sensitive map is to let decision maker base on marine classification to clean pollution with suitable implements. In Addition, the decision maker can decide Protection precedence through ecological sensitive area and human utilized resource. All ecological and fishery resources are priceless natural wealth, that will cost a lot or couldn’t be restoration, so the investigation data is very important in oil spill response. In order to rich and complete the ESI map, so we have to collect ecological data, integrate other investigation data, and combine with the oil spill model.
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