| 英文摘要 |
Mercury, which has bio-accumulative effect is a primary contaminat in the world on the priority list of 129 control toxic contaminations of USEPA. Mercury is widely used in industry. Mercury containing waste are various and complex, they are difficult to process and reclaim by using traditional method. This research project focus on mercury containing product, including mercury relay, mercury switch and mercury containing vehicle components. Electrical and electronic switches, contacts and relays with mercury, including: Level switches in sewer pumps, water pumps, mercury-wetted contacts, Thermo-switches, etc. Mercury relay contains 60 grams of mercury and mercury switch contains 0.5 grams of mercury. High Intensity Discharge (HID) headlights are a recent technology that has potential societal improvements in durability, and safety. Mercury vapor is used in the light sources for headlights.Each light source contains 0.006 grams of mercury
1970 mercury used in pick, many countries made some restrictions to limit mercury used in products. Because these controlling and regulations are followed, mercury are no longer used in products.As a famous industrialized work country, Taiwan in the past, some products were also used mercury, including Fluorescent Lamp, SHPs, Ultraviolet Lamp, Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp, Battery, Mercury Switch, Relay, ABS, Sensor, Thermometer, Sphygmomanometer and Mercury Containing Vehicle Components. Some of these products like Fluorescent Lamp, SHPs, Ultraviolet Lamp and Battery are already regulated to protect environment.
To investigate import and export quantity of manufacturers , refailer and agents, and research on sources of Mercury Containing Components and emission. To estimate mercury relays imported amount is 48kg-Hg , exported amount is 35kg-Hg , waste amount to Tiwan 1,050kg-Hg . The estimate amount of mercury switches import , amount is 334kg-Hg , exported amount is 344kg-Hg , waste amount to 1,197kg-Hg. To estimate High Intensity Discharge (HID) headlights import amount to 0.759kg-Hg , export amount to 0.24kg-Hg , waste amount to 0.549kg-Hg.
In Taiwan, the market demand for LIB is growing. The Environmental Protection Administration of Executive Yuan has thus changed its policies. The EPA’s wastes management policies are focusing towards source management, flow investigation, recycling techniques and recycling product regulation. Based on source management and flow investigation for waste LIB, the investigation on domestic battery industry company about twelve manufacfurer with basic information and Taiwan’s lithium battery material flow analysis in 2006 has accomplished. In 2006, market demand for lithium batteries amounted to 349.4 ten million per kilogram, flow into waste management amounted to 40.5 ten million per kilogram. The results of lithium battery industry investigation and flow analysis include (1) create a declaration code for “waste lithium battery”, (2)review the regulation that industries received wastes lithium batteries from domestic source does not reguire declaration (3)manage meet and control the flow of wastes lithium battery after treatment.
For the waste LIB reusing and resourcing, the reference should to make to experiment conclucted were refer abroad on the study of waste LIB handling, and schemed the LIB resourcing sheet. Experiment results indicated that LIB discharging by loading is better than immersing in the brine. Cutting LIB with cuter causing the aggregation of polymer separator, cathode, anode and other component as pretreatment, results in the difficulty of further conventional hydrometallurgy processing, thus manual inverse tearing were adopted, immersing the spent LIB in heated NMP can separate the valuable steel shell, cupper foil, aluminum foil and lithium cobalt oxide. Recovered Lithium cobalt oxide can be regained to the former structure by 200℃ hydrothermal for 15 hours, as well as better for the further usage.
18650 cylindrical LIBs in laptop and electrical tools often used in series-parallel connection in LIB cases by 6-8 single LIBs. Damage of LIB cases might occur by the failure of only few single LIBs. Thus 200 wasted single LIB were adopted to charge-discharge test, results indicated 71 % of LIBs performed well. Supposing that well-performed wasted LIBs can be reuse, not only the value elevate, also much more friendly to the environment. Due to the slight decay of wasted LIBs, it is suggested to reuse in none electric products like LED torch for alkaline batteries substitute.
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