EPA-102-X06

102

1,100 千元

2013/04/12

2013/11/30

李清華

回收基管會

陳素卿

大葉大學

廢棄物管理

廢棄物、汽車觸媒、鉑、鈀、銠、回收、再生

Waste, Automotive catalysts, Platinum, Palladium, Rhodium, Recovery, Recycling

李清華

04-8511888#

chl@mail.dyu.edu.tw

本計畫主要是採用「濕法治煉」方法來回收廢汽車觸媒中之鉑、鈀、銠有價物。本計畫研究成果顯示，廢汽車觸媒樣品經研磨10分鐘後，大約有96%之顆粒尺寸小於0.84mm，另研磨後樣品顆粒大小大都集中在0.84mm~0.297mm之間，另此廢汽車觸媒樣品之鉑、鈀、銠全含量依序為669 mg/kg、240 mg/kg與26.3mg/kg，而其水分約為0%、灰分約為99.39%、可燃份約為0.61%，比重為2.5。另最佳鹽酸浸漬回收鉑、鈀、銠之條件為：10N鹽酸、70℃、5分鐘、1g/50ml、2,000倍H2O2理論添加量，在此浸漬操作條件下，其鉑、鈀、銠之浸漬回收率分別可達100%、100%、58.21%。此最佳浸漬液經以氫氧化鈉或氨水進行pH調整，皆無法有效沉澱回收鉑、鈀、銠。另此最佳浸漬液經以氯化銨、氯化鈉與氯化鈣進行沉澱，其結果顯示，以氯化銨之沉澱效果最佳，但鉑、鈀、銠沉澱回收率皆未超過50%。另此最佳浸漬液經以鋅片與鐵片置換，亦皆無法達成鉑、鈀、銠金屬之分離。另此最佳浸漬液經晶析所得之產物，其鉑、鈀、銠金屬含量之富集程度約可分別提升10.73倍、8.91倍、7.59倍。因此本研究建議之最佳回收流程為：先將廢棄車觸媒研磨過篩至50mesh以下，以10N鹽酸在1g/50ml、70℃、5分鐘下，可將100%鉑、100%鈀、58.21%銠予以浸漬溶蝕，再將此最佳浸漬液以晶析法回收，以富集晶析產品中之鉑、鈀、銠金屬含量。

廢棄物、汽車觸媒、鉑、鈀、銠、回收、再生

EPA-102-X06.pdf

4MB

2014/3/1 上午 12:00:00

The target of this project is to develop a hydrometallurgical method to recover valuable metals, which include platinum, palladium and rhodium, from spent automotive catalysts. In this project the spent automotive catalyst was ground for 10 minutes until about 96% of the particle size was less than 0.84mm, the remainder was between size 0.84mm – 0.297mm. The metal content of the final sample of the spent automotive catalyst for platinum, palladium and rhodium is 669 mg/kg, 240 mg/kg and 26.3 mg/kg respectively.Composition analysis for the sample for water content, ash content, combustible content and density for this sample is approximately 0%, 99.39, 0.61 and 2.5 respectively. Results from this project revealed the optimum leaching conditions in hydrochloric acid impregnation for the recycling of platinum, palladium and rhodium are: 10N hydrochloric acid heated to 70oC for 5 minutes with a solid-liquid ratio of 1g/50mL, with 2,000 times the theoretical value of H2O2. Under these conditions platinum and palladium can be recovered at 100% efficiency and rhodium can be recovered at58.21% efficiency. The optimal laching solution with sodium hydroxide or ammonia solution to adjust the pH is not effective for the recovery by precipitation of platinum, palladium or rhodium. The precipitation of optimal laching solution between ammonium chloride, sodium chloride and calcium chloride was ammonium chloride, which resulted in recovery of platinum, palladium and rhodium precipitates with less that 50% precipitation. Also, the replacement of optimal laching solution using zinc plate and iron plate was unsuccessful to reach platinum, palladium and rhodium metal separation. The optimal laching solution can obtain the crystallization product. The enrichment of platinum, palladium and rhodium metal content of crystallization product is approximately 10.73, 8.91 and 7.59 times respectively. Therefore, this study suggests that the best recovery process is ground scrap car catalyst to below 50mesh sieve, react with 10N hydrochloric acid with a solid liquid ratio of 1g/50ml, 70oC for 5 minutes. Leaching of 100% platinum, 100% palladium and 58.21% rhodium can be achieved and impregnated into solution. Then this optimal laching solution can be crystallized to enrich platinum, palladium and rhodium metal.

Waste, Automotive catalysts, Platinum, Palladium, Rhodium, Recovery, Recycling