環保專案成果報告查詢系統

專案計畫編號
經費年度	110
計畫經費	2,935 千元
預算科目	土壤及地下水污染整治策略規劃
專案開始日期	2021/08/10
專案結束日期	2022/11/09
專案主持人	簡伶朱
主辦單位	土污基管會
承辦人	張芯瑜
執行單位	臺北醫學大學
專案分類	土壤及地下水
中文關鍵字	健康風險評估、受體暴露參數、呼吸速率、皮膚附著因子、觀光遊憩區
英文關鍵字	Health risk assessment, Receptor exposure factor, Inhalation rate, Adherence factor, Tourist area
協同主持人	陳重信；席行正；陳永盛
共同主持人
計畫聯絡人	簡伶朱
計畫聯絡電話	02-27361661#6516
計畫聯絡信箱	lcchien@tmu.edu.tw

中文摘要	本研究共完成130位受試者(男女性各65位)呼吸速率之測定，所有受試者在安靜及淋浴狀態時呼吸速率分別為13.2 ± 4.83 m3/day和15.9 ± 5.48 m3/day，依測定之結果亦顯示目前環保署土壤及地下水資訊管理系統中設定呼吸速率(成人：17.14 m3/day)及淋浴呼吸速率(24 m3/day)的預設值有高估的疑慮。此外，本研究共完成60位受試者(男性31位、女性29位，平均年齡為29.3 ± 6.83歲)配戴加速規於量測不同情境下身體活動量變化的實驗中，加速規配戴腰部測得輕度活動(LPA)和中等至高強度活動(MVPA)時間分別為96.9%和5.3%，可發現受試者大多數是以靜態久坐或從事輕度身體活動為主，而鮮少從事中等強度以上對身體有益的身體活動，將加速規測得的代謝當量代入Layton (1993)公式，可推估每日呼吸速率(DIR)為14.4 ± 3.94 m3/day (男性：17.4 ± 3.01 m3/day；女性：11.2 ± 1.73 m3/day)。由第一份不同型態觀光遊憩區受體暴露參數調查，顯示351位受訪者每年會到藝文展演集會場所和戶外遊憩場所活動的比例分別為55.3%和77.5%，會到藝文展演集會場所者的活動頻率為5.3 ± 7.8次/年、活動時間為2.5 ± 1.1小時/次；會到戶外遊憩場所者的活動頻率為12 ± 19次/年、活動時間為4.4 ± 2.8小時/次；第二份問卷金瓜石觀光遊憩區受體暴露參數部分，共收集150份問卷，問卷中遊客74份、當地工作者45份與當地居民31份，其中遊客平均每年到金瓜石次數為2.5 ± 4.5次/年；當地工作者平均工作時間為7.4 ± 7.2年、平均每周工作5.2 ± 0.8天；當地居民中有65%未配戴手套者有從事園藝活動的習慣，平均裸露接觸土壤頻率為7.2次/月，而待在戶外空間活動時約有25.8%的受訪者會接觸土壤、草皮或落塵，其中雙手直接裸露接觸的頻率為10次/周由本研究建置之皮膚黏附因子預估公式發現當土壤中砂粒/黏粒比值越高或有機碳含量越低，皮膚黏附因子會相對較高。以台金污染場址為例，評估遊客、當地工作者與居民暴露於受重金屬污染土壤之健康風險評估模擬，考量有60%遊客不知道過往台金場址土壤污染狀況，故須考量遊客可能誤闖該場址情境下評估遊客經吸入、食入與皮膚接觸等四個途徑暴露之風險，顯示遊客的非致癌與致癌風險值皆未超過可接受值；而當地工作者和居民中有80%的人知道台金場址土壤污染狀況，因此僅需考慮其經吸入途徑暴露之風險，由結果顯示非致癌與致癌風險值亦皆未超過可接受值。
中文關鍵字	健康風險評估、受體暴露參數、呼吸速率、皮膚附著因子、觀光遊憩區

中文摘要

本研究共完成130位受試者(男女性各65位)呼吸速率之測定，所有受試者在安靜及淋浴狀態時呼吸速率分別為13.2 ± 4.83 m3/day和15.9 ± 5.48 m3/day，依測定之結果亦顯示目前環保署土壤及地下水資訊管理系統中設定呼吸速率(成人：17.14 m3/day)及淋浴呼吸速率(24 m3/day)的預設值有高估的疑慮。此外，本研究共完成60位受試者(男性31位、女性29位，平均年齡為29.3 ± 6.83歲)配戴加速規於量測不同情境下身體活動量變化的實驗中，加速規配戴腰部測得輕度活動(LPA)和中等至高強度活動(MVPA)時間分別為96.9%和5.3%，可發現受試者大多數是以靜態久坐或從事輕度身體活動為主，而鮮少從事中等強度以上對身體有益的身體活動，將加速規測得的代謝當量代入Layton (1993)公式，可推估每日呼吸速率(DIR)為14.4 ± 3.94 m3/day (男性：17.4 ± 3.01 m3/day；女性：11.2 ± 1.73 m3/day)。由第一份不同型態觀光遊憩區受體暴露參數調查，顯示351位受訪者每年會到藝文展演集會場所和戶外遊憩場所活動的比例分別為55.3%和77.5%，會到藝文展演集會場所者的活動頻率為5.3 ± 7.8次/年、活動時間為2.5 ± 1.1小時/次；會到戶外遊憩場所者的活動頻率為12 ± 19次/年、活動時間為4.4 ± 2.8小時/次；第二份問卷金瓜石觀光遊憩區受體暴露參數部分，共收集150份問卷，問卷中遊客74份、當地工作者45份與當地居民31份，其中遊客平均每年到金瓜石次數為2.5 ± 4.5次/年；當地工作者平均工作時間為7.4 ± 7.2年、平均每周工作5.2 ± 0.8天；當地居民中有65%未配戴手套者有從事園藝活動的習慣，平均裸露接觸土壤頻率為7.2次/月，而待在戶外空間活動時約有25.8%的受訪者會接觸土壤、草皮或落塵，其中雙手直接裸露接觸的頻率為10次/周由本研究建置之皮膚黏附因子預估公式發現當土壤中砂粒/黏粒比值越高或有機碳含量越低，皮膚黏附因子會相對較高。以台金污染場址為例，評估遊客、當地工作者與居民暴露於受重金屬污染土壤之健康風險評估模擬，考量有60%遊客不知道過往台金場址土壤污染狀況，故須考量遊客可能誤闖該場址情境下評估遊客經吸入、食入與皮膚接觸等四個途徑暴露之風險，顯示遊客的非致癌與致癌風險值皆未超過可接受值；而當地工作者和居民中有80%的人知道台金場址土壤污染狀況，因此僅需考慮其經吸入途徑暴露之風險，由結果顯示非致癌與致癌風險值亦皆未超過可接受值。

中文關鍵字

健康風險評估、受體暴露參數、呼吸速率、皮膚附著因子、觀光遊憩區

類型	檔名	檔案大小	說明	最新版公開日期
期末報告	110年土壤及地下水場址關切污染物之本土化風險參數研究計畫.pdf	12MB		2023/3/1 上午 12:00:00

摘要	In this study, 130 participants (65 males and 65 females) were recruited and tested to obtain respiratory rates. The total average respiratory rates were 13.2 ± 4.83 and 15.9 ± 5.48 m3/day for resting and showering conditions, respectively. It was shown that the current default values of respiratory rate during resting (17.14 m3/day) and showering (24.0 m3/day), recommended by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, could be overestimated. Additionally, 60 participants (31 males and 29 females) aged 29.3 ± 6.83 years were recruited to wear the accelerometer on both non-dominant hands and waists to obtain the metabolic rates under different physical activities with various intensities. Results from the accelerometer worn on waists indicated the proportion of time contributed by the light physical activity (LPA) and the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were 96.9% and 5.3%, individually. In most of the subjects evaluated in this study, sedentary behaviors were more frequent than the more health-beneficial moderate-to-vigorous physical activities. The metabolic equivalents measured by the accelerometer were plugged into the equation proposed by Layton (1993), estimating the daily inhalation rate (DIR) at 14.4 ± 3.94 m3/day (17.4 ± 3.01 and 11.2 ± 1.73 for males and females, respectively). The first questionnaire for the exposure assessment of different types of tourist areas showed that out of 351 questionees, 55.3% and 77.5% of them carried out activities annually in art and culture exhibition centers and outdoor recreation areas, respectively. The frequency and duration they spent in art and culture exhibition centers were 5.3 ± 7.8 time/year and 2.5 ± 1.1 hr/time, respectively, while those for the outdoor recreation areas were 12 ± 19 time/year and 4.4 ± 2.8 hr/time, respectively. The second questionnaire aims at the exposure parameters of the Jinguashi tourism and tourist area, a total of 150 questionees, including 74 tourists, 45 local workers, and 31 local residents were recruited. The frequency for the tourists to travel in Jinguashi was 2.5 ± 4.5 time/year. The time the local workers spend working in the Jinguashi area were on average 7.4 ± 7.2 year, and they spend averagely 5.2 ± 0.8 days per week on working. 65% of the local residents don’t have the habits of wearing gloves when conducing gardening activities, while the average frequency exposing to soil was 7.2 time/month. 25.8% of the questionees exposed to soil, grass, or dust without their hand being covered when carrying out outdoor activities, and the exposure frequency was on average 10 time/week. Based on the established empirical equation, we found the skin adherence factor higher when the ratio of sand to clay in the soil increased and the organic carbon content of soil decreased. Because 60% of tourists did not understand the soil pollution of Taijin contaminated site in the past, the risk via inhalation, oral ingestion, and dermal contact pathways of tourists would be assessed considering their behavior of trespassing. The result showed that the non-cancer and cancer risks of tourists did not exceed the acceptable levels. In contrast, 80% of local workers and residents knew the soil pollution of Taijin contaminated site in the past, so only the inhalation pathway needs to be considered. We also found that the non-cancer and cancer risks of local workers and residents did not exceed the acceptable levels.
英文關鍵字	Health risk assessment, Receptor exposure factor, Inhalation rate, Adherence factor, Tourist area

摘要

In this study, 130 participants (65 males and 65 females) were recruited and tested to obtain respiratory rates. The total average respiratory rates were 13.2 ± 4.83 and 15.9 ± 5.48 m3/day for resting and showering conditions, respectively. It was shown that the current default values of respiratory rate during resting (17.14 m3/day) and showering (24.0 m3/day), recommended by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, could be overestimated. Additionally, 60 participants (31 males and 29 females) aged 29.3 ± 6.83 years were recruited to wear the accelerometer on both non-dominant hands and waists to obtain the metabolic rates under different physical activities with various intensities. Results from the accelerometer worn on waists indicated the proportion of time contributed by the light physical activity (LPA) and the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were 96.9% and 5.3%, individually. In most of the subjects evaluated in this study, sedentary behaviors were more frequent than the more health-beneficial moderate-to-vigorous physical activities. The metabolic equivalents measured by the accelerometer were plugged into the equation proposed by Layton (1993), estimating the daily inhalation rate (DIR) at 14.4 ± 3.94 m3/day (17.4 ± 3.01 and 11.2 ± 1.73 for males and females, respectively). The first questionnaire for the exposure assessment of different types of tourist areas showed that out of 351 questionees, 55.3% and 77.5% of them carried out activities annually in art and culture exhibition centers and outdoor recreation areas, respectively. The frequency and duration they spent in art and culture exhibition centers were 5.3 ± 7.8 time/year and 2.5 ± 1.1 hr/time, respectively, while those for the outdoor recreation areas were 12 ± 19 time/year and 4.4 ± 2.8 hr/time, respectively. The second questionnaire aims at the exposure parameters of the Jinguashi tourism and tourist area, a total of 150 questionees, including 74 tourists, 45 local workers, and 31 local residents were recruited. The frequency for the tourists to travel in Jinguashi was 2.5 ± 4.5 time/year. The time the local workers spend working in the Jinguashi area were on average 7.4 ± 7.2 year, and they spend averagely 5.2 ± 0.8 days per week on working. 65% of the local residents don’t have the habits of wearing gloves when conducing gardening activities, while the average frequency exposing to soil was 7.2 time/month. 25.8% of the questionees exposed to soil, grass, or dust without their hand being covered when carrying out outdoor activities, and the exposure frequency was on average 10 time/week. Based on the established empirical equation, we found the skin adherence factor higher when the ratio of sand to clay in the soil increased and the organic carbon content of soil decreased. Because 60% of tourists did not understand the soil pollution of Taijin contaminated site in the past, the risk via inhalation, oral ingestion, and dermal contact pathways of tourists would be assessed considering their behavior of trespassing. The result showed that the non-cancer and cancer risks of tourists did not exceed the acceptable levels. In contrast, 80% of local workers and residents knew the soil pollution of Taijin contaminated site in the past, so only the inhalation pathway needs to be considered. We also found that the non-cancer and cancer risks of local workers and residents did not exceed the acceptable levels.

英文關鍵字

Health risk assessment, Receptor exposure factor, Inhalation rate, Adherence factor, Tourist area