EPA-91-L105-02-206

091

2,300 千元

2002/03/08

2002/12/31

李崇德

監資處

國立中央大學環境工程研究所

環境資訊系統

超級測站

supersite

有鑑於懸浮微粒對於環境的影響及其健康效應，我國環保署於2000年8月開始策劃成立微粒超級測站，對氣膠特性進行連續監測，以深入探討其物理化學特性。 超級測站在2002年3月於新莊市運動公園以全功能正式開始運轉。目前超級測站設置有PM2.5氣膠質量濃度、PM2.5氣膠碳成分分析儀、PM2.5氣膠硝酸鹽及硫酸鹽、氣膠散光及吸光及氣膠粒徑分布等微粒特性的連續自動監測儀器以及R＆P2300、RAAS及ACCU等人工採樣器。 從3月份到9月份為止，超級測站各項自動監測儀器資料可用率為：PM10質量濃度98％，PM2.5質量濃度97%，PM2.5碳成分73%，PM2.5硝酸鹽濃度94%，PM2.5硫酸鹽濃度90%，黑碳濃度83%，散光係數74%，PMS氣膠粒徑分佈61%，SMPS氣膠粒徑分佈69%。 根據超級測站自動監測數據顯示，黃沙期間PM10平均值為90μg/m3，大於非黃沙時間的54μg/m3，但黃沙時間的PM2.5反而有較低的情形發生。在PM2.5有機碳、元素碳、硝酸鹽及硫酸鹽濃度，均呈現非黃沙時間大於黃沙時間的現象，但不論是非黃沙時間或黃沙時間有機碳濃度皆大於元素碳濃度，散光係數亦呈現非黃沙時間大於黃沙時間的現象。 另一個特殊的現象是根據超級測站風速風向的監測數據顯示，當黃沙到來時風速會增強且風向由東北風轉變成為北北東風，黃沙結束時風速減弱風向轉回東北風，在同一時段，粗微粒濃度（PM10-PM2.5）增加，印證黃沙的到來。 在超級測站站址所進行的人工採樣質量濃度與自動監測儀器比較，其變化趨勢相同，就濃度差異來比較，人工採樣器（R＆P2300）與自動監測儀器的平均差距，在PM2.5為1％，PM10為-7％。在微粒碳成分的比較，人工採樣器與自動監測儀器的濃度有一致的變動趨勢，但因自動監測儀器的碳成分濃度較低，其中有機碳濃度的差異可以歸因於檢測方法的不同，而元素碳的差異可能與自動監測儀器微粒收集器截斷粒徑在0.14μm有關。在10月份的比對採樣結果，微粒硫酸鹽及硝酸鹽人工採樣器與自動監測儀器的濃度有一致的趨勢，但人工採樣結果較自動監測儀器高，且於硫酸鹽於高濃度時差異會變大，以硝酸鹽來說，發現當微粒質量濃度大時，揮發相硝酸鹽濃度也會跟著一起升高，人工採樣結果仍較自動監測儀器高，若加上揮發相硝酸鹽則更高，不過人工採樣揮發相硝酸鹽應包含硝酸氣。

超級測站

0000032847.pdf

7MB

[期末報告]公開完整版

2014/10/31 下午 02:07:46

With more and more understanding about environmental influence and health effects induced by suspended particles, Taiwan EPA began to plan and build “Taiwan Supersite” in August 2000. The objective of supersite was to continuously monitor aerosol physical and chemical compositions to explore its properties in depth. In March 2002, Taiwan supersite was operated with full capacity at Hsindrum sports park. The instruments installed in Taiwan supersite include PM2.5 TEOM mass monitor, PM2.5 carbon analyzer, PM2.5 nitrate and sulfate analyzers, aerosol integrating nephelometer, aerosol aethalometer, optical aerosol spectrometer (PMS), and scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) as well as manual collectors like R＆P 2300, Andersen RAAS, and R＆P ACCU. From March to September in 2002, the effective data-acquisition rates are 98% for PM10, 97% for PM2.5, 73% for PM2.5 carbon, 94% for PM2.5 nitrate, 90% for PM2.5 sulfate, 83% for PM2.5 black carbon, 74% for aerosol light-scattering coefficient, 61% for aerosol size distribution from PMS, and 69% for aerosol size distribution from SMPS, respectively. Based on the continuous monitoring data from supersite, the average concentration of PM10 in yellow sand (YS) events was 90μg/m3, which is greater than that of non-yellow-sand (NYS) periods. In contrast, the average concentration of PM2.5 in YS events was lower than that of NYS periods. Moreover, the organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and sulfate concentrations in PM2.5 in YS events were also greater than that during NYS periods. However, for all time periods and events, the EC concentration is always lower than OC. Aerosol light-scattering coefficients during NYS periods were also shown to be greater than that in YS events. Interestingly, from the record of wind speed (WS) and wind direction (WD), we found an increase of WS and a change of WD from the northeast to the north- northeast. The situation was turn around when the YS was passed. This during of stay of YS was evidenced by the rise of coarse particles (PM10-PM2.5). From collocated comparison at supersite, the trend of data variation is agreed between manual collectors and automatic mass monitor. The deviations between R＆P2300 manual collector and TEOM monitor were 1% for PM2.5 and –7% for PM10, respectively. For aerosol carbon monitoring, the manual and automatic data were agreed qualitatively but was lower for automatic carbon analyzer. The possible explanation for the deviation in OC can be attributed to the difference in detection method, while the cause for the deviation in elemental carbon might be due to the cut-size of collection impactor at 0.14μm in automatic analyzer. For the collocated comparison finished in October, both aerosol sulfate and nitrate were in consistent between manual collector and automatic analyzers qualitatively. However, the results from manual collectors were greater in concentrations of sulfate and nitrate. The deviation got even greater when the concentration getting higher. The vaporized nitrate was found to increase with the deposited nitrate on filter; however, this vaporized nitrate should include the gaseous nitric acid.

supersite