EPA-94-L105-02-202

094

2,285 千元

2005/02/01

2005/12/31

吳義林副教授

監資處

財團法人成大研究發展基金會

環境資訊系統

懸浮微粒超級測站、正常運轉、民俗活動、平行比對

PM supersite, traditional festival, parallel samplings

林清和副教授

邱慧真

06-2386764

niki67@ms2.url.com.tw

本計畫於本年已經完成協助南部懸浮微粒超級測站之設置與運轉及查核制度之建置，台南縣鹽水蜂炮與台中縣大甲媽祖繞境民俗活動對空氣品質影響之監測與分析及人工手動方法與自動監測方法之平行比對。 南部懸浮微粒超級測站已經建置完成，共計設置四站分別為位於高雄縣大寮鄉輔英科大學之核心站與高雄縣橋頭鄉公所、高雄市前鎮區獅甲國中及屏東縣潮州鎮潮南國小之三個衛星站。衛星站均緊鄰環保署之空氣品質監測站，因而監測項目為懸浮微粒質量濃度、化學成分濃度與前驅物NH3；核心站之監測項目則尚包括奈米與微米之微粒粒徑分佈，光譜儀H2O2與NOy等光化反應指標及微米之吸光與散光作用。 南部懸浮微粒超級測站之運轉記錄主要區分為站房進出記錄，例行性操作/維護記錄與異常記錄，以同時追蹤儀器運轉狀態及建置儀器病歷資料。儀器零件待料與熟悉程度不足為目前造成正常運轉率偏低之主要原因，例如SMPS+C、EC/OC與H2O2監測儀等；另外，天災與停電等意外停機與後續處理應有詳細紀錄。未來之運轉建議以單機正常運轉時為規範並且將紀錄與操作/維護之落實度納入。 無論是鹽水蜂炮或是大甲媽祖繞境之民俗活動均造成空氣污染物濃度的增加，而且增加比例均大於二倍，有時PM1之小時平均濃度可達1000g/m3以上；造成空氣品質劣化之污染源包括有拜香、鞭炮施放與衍生之車潮。鹽水蜂炮施放時所排放之粒狀物的主要化學組成其成分依序為硝酸鹽、鉀與碳，而有亮光之蜂炮尚包括有鎂。鹽水蜂炮活動時增加之粒狀物主要為次微米粒徑範圍，大甲媽祖繞境時由於有較多之車行，因而大粒徑亦有顯著的上升，尤其是位於路邊之監測結果。 由平行比對之結果顯示不同儀器之監測結果的相關性甚高，有的達0.91以上，但是由於監測原理不同，因而監測結果有系統性的差異；未來應藉由較多之比對數據建立不同儀器之間的關係式。由於微米粒徑監測儀之採樣進口長度之影響，造成次微米粒徑監測儀有達15％以上的低估，而且粒徑愈大，差異愈顯著。 南部懸浮微粒超級測站目前之監測結果顯示PM2.5之主要化學成分組成依序為硫酸鹽、有機碳與硝酸鹽，而且比例於高污染季節時較高，顯示衍生性氣膠前驅物於高污染季節之管制的需求性。硫酸鹽濃度於四測站均無顯著的日夜變化，硝酸鹽濃度則於下午2～4點時最低，元素碳濃度則於早上8點左右最高，而有機碳濃度則是於早上～10點與夜間9點左右較高；原生性污染物NH3濃度於潮州站有顯著的日夜變化，而且高濃度發生於早上7～8點左右。由十月份案例分析顯示高屏空品區形成之懸浮微粒與空品區外傳輸之貢獻均甚重要，而且貢獻比例因日而異。例如10月15日之主要貢獻源為傳輸，而21日與27日則有顯著的空品區之貢獻比例。由粒徑分佈與化學成分組成濃度變化顯示11月29日之高污染PM事件日為沙塵暴所致。

懸浮微粒超級測站、正常運轉、民俗活動、平行比對

0000120194.pdf

12MB

[期末報告]公開完整版

2006/2/1 上午 12:00:00

The purposes of this project are to setup the PM supersites in southern Taiwan, to audit the operation/maintenance of supersites, to evaluate the impact of traditional festival on air quality, and compare different measurement instruments by parallel samplings. The PM supersites including four measurement locations have been setup and run in southern Taiwan. The measured items include three categories: size distribution and chemical compositions of particle, precursors of particle formation, and products of photochemical reactions, to study the sources and formation pathways for the ambient particles. The records of operation/maintenance include entrance to site, routine operation/maintenance, and measurements for abnormal. Therefore, the performance of each instrument can be traced. In order for each instrument to be operated normally, the operation percentage should be for each instrument instead of the average of all instruments at each sites. The ambient air pollutant concentrations increases significantly during the traditional festivals and the increments are greater than twice with the PM1 hourly concentrations greater than 1000 um/m3 sometimes. The sources during festivals include both the incense and fireworks burnings and mobile sources. Submircron particle concentrations increases more significantly for Yuanshone festival because the major sources are incense burnings and fireworks; there are more increments for supermicron particle for Dachun because of the traffic flow. The measurement results are highly correlated among the different instruments for parallel samplings; but, there are systematic differences for concentrations due to the different measurement methods. The size distributions measured by Grimm 1.108 are underestimated by at least 15% due to the effects of long sampling inlet.

PM supersite, traditional festival, parallel samplings