EPA-94-FA11-03-A208

094

2,350 千元

2005/06/16

2005/12/31

蘇慧貞

空保處

蘇慧貞

化學物質管理

生物性氣膠、空氣污染、氣象因子

bioaerosols, air pollution, weather parameters

郭浩然 ,龍世俊,林傳堯

蘇慧貞

06-2353535 5595

hjsu@mail.ncku.edu.tw

本研究利用7個月的期程完成2002年一整年之真菌孢子鑑定分析工作，得以繪製出孢子曆，結果發現大氣空氣中每日真菌孢子之變化量（day- to- day variation）極大，並台南地區真菌孢子濃度高於台北地區，且主要以Cladosporium、Ascopoes等菌屬為主。其中Cladosporium濃度較高的時期出現在冬季，而Ascopoes高濃度時期則出現在夏季。進一步利用時序性相關性分析發現氣象因子對於地區性之真菌孢子濃度影響相當大。 本研究亦收集台南空氣污染測站及生物性氣膠測站範圍內之大型醫院每日各類疾病之住院人次與門診人次，初步模式分析結果顯示，當每週空氣中之臭氧平均濃度上升一個平均值時（21.43 ppb），每週因下呼吸道感染住院、慢性呼吸道疾病住院、缺血性心臟病、腦血管疾病及上呼吸道感染住院人次之相對危險性均會顯著增加。另外，當每日空氣中之PM10上升一個平均值時（71.83μg/m3）於各類相關疾病門診人次增加之相對危險性中，又以氣喘門診增加之比例最高（RR=1.073），其次為慢性呼吸道疾病（RR=1.021）及過敏性鼻炎（1.018）。在大氣環境中真菌孢子濃度與疾病發生之相關性上，初步研究顯示，當空氣中Cladosporium每上升1000 spores/m3門診人次將隨之增高，0-14歲兒童對於該變化之敏感度更高。而此相關性在同時放入PM10暴露之考量下，關係仍然存在，顯示真菌孢子之暴露對於誘發氣喘等慢性呼吸道疾病有相當程度之重要性。本研究後續利用易感性氣喘患者所進行之追蹤研究亦反應相似之結果，大氣中真菌孢子組成對於氣喘兒童呼吸道之高反應性有一顯著相關性，且此相關性具有延遲效應(lag=3天)。

生物性氣膠、空氣污染、氣象因子

EPA-94-FAll-03-A218.pdf

9MB

[期末報告]公開完整版

2006/5/1 上午 12:00:00

Our aeroallergens monitoring database was the first dataset conducted in Taiwan to finish overall daily fungal spores year round. The seasonal distribution of fungal spores was first been well demonstration through time series daily data. Large day to day variation also been demonstrated in our database, and further indicated the intermittent sampling strategy in outdoor air might leading the misclassification of exposure. In southern Taiwan, the predominant fungal spore is Cladosporium, which contributed to 70% of total counts of spores and mostly with higher concentrations in winter season. It means total fungal spores are dramatically higher in winter season in southern Taiwan. This finding provided a very good support for our previous environmental measurements conducting in indoor environments, which also show the same patterns. Relative humidity in the air favor for three dominant fungal spores, Cladosporium, Ascospores, and Periconia, that comprised about 89% total spore counts. Our results also suggest Ascospores, Botrytis and Basidiospores were more hydrophilic for the spore counts will significantly increase after rainfall days. The growth and release of Ascospores, second dominant spore, was increasing in hotter and humid days. Moreover, Ascospores was significantly associated with increasing temperature and rainfall. This finding suggests a warmer and humid weather might at least contribute large increase of Ascospores in the air. The health implications need for further discussion and research. Our study has analyzed, using generalized addictive models with Poisson regression model, the associations between the levels of daily fungal spores and frequencies of daily hospital admission in a major teaching hospital from 1 January to 31 December in 2002 in southern Taiwan. Time-series analysis, having filtered the seasonal trends and adjusted for the day-of the week cycles, weather factors, and air pollutants, was conducted to determine the influence of ambient spores on asthma hospital admissions. The strongest association was observed at a time-lag of 2 days for effect of ambient Cladosporium concentrations on the number of clinical visits for childhood asthma (0-14 years old), and at a time-lag of 3 days for asthmatic visits by adults and the elderly. Children appeared to be more sensitive to the day-to-day changes of ambient Cladosporium spore counts; about 8.9% increase in childhood asthma visits with per 1000 spores/m3 increase in airborne levels. In contrast, only about 1.4% to 2.7% increases in the number of visits to asthmatic clinics by populations of 15-39, 40-64, and those above 65 years old. Our study attempted to assess the burden of illness, namely fungus-induced asthma, in the population of southern Taiwan. The concentrations of airborne Cladosporium spore counts alone appeared to account for a significant proportion of clinical asthma visit, and childhood asthmatics seemed to be more sensitive to changes of daily fungal spores than the rest of the general population across different age groups. The effect of exposure to ambient fungal spores on the increasing number of visits remain even after controlling for the levels of different air pollutants and number of clinical visits for respiratory infectious diseases.

bioaerosols, air pollution, weather parameters