Kepb103-03

103

2,900 千元

2014/01/21

2014/12/20

許浩洋

金門縣環境保護局

楊恭坤

立境環境科技股份有限公司

環境監測及檢測

PM2.5、化學組成、CMB受體模式

PM2.5, Chemical compositions, CMB receptor model

呂鴻毅

陳品含

07-3228761#305

pinhan@mail.lget.com.tw

本計畫執行期程係自103年2月19日至104年2月28日止。主要工作項目包括：金門縣手動懸浮微粒監測採樣、細懸浮微粒來源推估及監測結果比對、分析。 （一） 金門縣手動懸浮微粒監測採樣及來源推估： 各季質量濃度採樣結果，不同方位採樣地點多以秋季及冬季時濃度最高，而夏季時最低。各季節採樣期間，在盛行風向影響下，境內、境外污染源藉由傳輸機制，使得位於下風處採樣點之PM2.5濃度有較高之現象，經四季風花圖分析顯示，境外污染貢獻約71%~98%，平均貢獻71%，尤以高污染季節更為明顯。 各季採樣期間PM2.5之主要成分以衍生性氣膠為主，約佔3~6成以上；原生性氣膠約佔2~3成左右，當中以EC及OCpri佔之較高；而Others平均佔約2成左右；由CMB污染貢獻來源解析，各採樣地點多以硫酸銨及交通源為主要貢獻來源，其次為地殼元素，值得注意的是農廢燃燒亦佔有一定之比例。 綜合銨鹽利用率、監測採樣及CMB結果推論，對於改善本縣大氣中PM2.5而言，除原生性PM外，建議優先管制污染物為SOx。然就本縣面積大小及污染負荷而言，本縣面積小，本身排放之SOx與NOx的停留時間短，於本縣反應生成之二次氣膠有限，加上本縣相對廈、漳、泉之污染負荷及排放強度甚低，因此除了本身之污染排放外，推估多數仍以境外之長程傳輸所貢獻居多。 （二） 常規PM2.5手動測站及自動測站濃度分析： 由102、103年度PM2.5監測數據顯示，103年度年平均值除竹苗、雲嘉南、花東及金門略高於102年度外，其餘地區低於103年度；24小時值除北部、花東、宜蘭空品區略高於102年外，其餘地區低於103年；103年全國PM2.5年平均值為23.6 µg/m3，24小時值為59.7µg/m3，僅花東空品區符合空氣品質標準，其他空品區包括金門、澎湖等離島地區皆不符合空氣品質標準。 以七大空品區而言，雲嘉南空品區年平均及24小時值最高，分別為31.8 µg/m3及81.3 µg/m3；其次為中部空品區，分別為27.0 µg/m3及70.5 µg/m3。以單一測站來看，年平均值及24小時最高為嘉義34.7 µg/m3及85.2 µg/m3，其次為斗六34.1 µg/m3及83.9 µg/m3，金門32.8 µg/m3及81.4 µg/m3。 金門縣103年PM2.5超標日數共有35天，佔全年30.2%，較102年超標日數46天減少11天，改善率為24%，顯示本縣改善策略具初步成效。 （三） 本縣PM2.5管制策略擬定： 綜合本計畫於各採樣地點之之化學成分組成與利用CMB模式模擬結果，本縣PM2.5主要貢獻源以交通源及硫酸銨為主，其次是來自自然界之地殼元素與海鹽飛沫。由於本縣面積小，本身排放之SOx與NOx的停留時間太短，反應生成之二次氣膠有限；加上本縣污染排放強度相對廈漳泉之排放強度甚低，因此推測即便是交通源與硫酸銨，還是可能來自鄰近地區產生之污染排放因長程傳輸至本縣居多所致。 因此就本縣而言，若是在境外已經形成之PM2.5直接傳送至本縣，則屬無法控制之污染來源，對於來自境外之污染貢獻，本計畫建議未來必須透過兩岸的交流，了解兩岸彼此面臨之困難與挑戰，逐步建立對話機制與合作模式，進行相關污染防制，方能有效改善本縣境外污染問題；而直接排放前驅物反應形成PM2.5，屬可控制之污染來源，短期內加強管制本縣既有之固定污染源管制措施方面為落實法規、協談台電使用低污染燃料、訂定餐飲業管理自治條例及餐飲業全面加裝防制設備；移動污染源以加速汰舊二行程機車、、補助低污染車輛、推廣自行車租賃系統；逸散污染源則以提升街道揚塵洗掃能量、加強營建工地稽查管制、裸露地改善、推動民俗活動金紙減量等，以降低本縣產生之PM2.5或其前驅物(SO2、NOx、VOCs)之排放，也是本計畫所建議於境內可執行之主要管制對策。

PM2.5、化學組成、CMB受體模式

金門縣103年度「空氣中細懸浮微粒監測及分析計畫」.pdf

3MB

2016/3/1 上午 12:00:00

The project was carried out from Feb. 19th to Dec. 20, 2013. The main work items of this project include: manual monitoring and sampling of fine particulates, source estimation and a comparison with monitoring results. (I) Manual monitoring, sampling, and source estimation of fine particulates in Kinmen According to the sampling results of each season, the autumn and winter reported the highest average mass concentration, and summer got the lowest level. During the sampling period, both the local and outside pollution source spread by the transport mechanism, which is the influence of the prevailing wind, so that the concentration of PM2.5 appeared more higher at downwind sampling site. Estimated from wind rose chart analysis, it shows that the outside pollution accounted for 71% to 98%, and 71% on average. In particular, the proportion of outside pollution was more higher in the autumn and winter. The analysis found that PM2.5 species in each season were mainly the secondary aerosols, accounting for about 30-60%. The primary aerosols accounted for about 20-30%, with EC and OCpri being the most important components, and others was about 20%. A Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model was used to simulate possible pollution sources. The results show that the primary traffic source and secondary ammonium sulfate were generally the main pollution sources at each sampling site, followed by the elements of the Earth’s crust. It is worth noting that the agricultural waste burning also occupy a certain proportion. (II) Comparative analysis of PM2.5 concentration between routine manual survey station and automatic survey station Comparing with the monitoring data of 2013, the results reveal that the PM2.5 annual mean concentrations of Hsinchu, Miaoli, Yunlin, Chiayi, Tainan, Hualien, Taitung, and Kinmen were higher in 2014. On the other hand, except for the North Air Basin, H.T. Air Basin, and Yilan Air Basin, the 24-hour PM2.5 values in the other Air Basins were lower in 2014. According to the statistics, the national average of PM2.5 annual mean concentration is 23.6 µg/m3, and the average 24-hour PM2.5 value is 59.7µg/m3 in 2014. However, further analysis of the monitoring data shows that all of the Air Basin cannot meet the air quality standards, excluding H.T. Air Basin. On the whole, among the seven Air Basin, the Y.C.T Air Basin reported the highest PM2.5 annual mean concentrations and 24-hour PM2.5 values, which were 31.8µg/m3 and 81.3µg/m3 respectively. The second highest was Central Air Basin, whose PM2.5 annual mean concentrations was 27.0 µg/m3 and 24-hour PM2.5 values was 70.5µg/m3. Among the monitor station, the Chiayi station reported the highest PM2.5 annual mean concentrations and 24-hour PM2.5 values, which were 34.7µg/m3 and 85.2µg/m3 respectively. The second highest was Douliou station, whose PM2.5 annual mean concentrations was 34.1µg/m3 and 83.9µg/m3 values was 70.5µg/m3. The Kinmen station's PM2.5 annual mean concentrations and 24-hour PM2.5 values were 32.8µg/m3 and 81.4µg/m3. In addition, the PM2.5 exceeding day of Kinmen was 35 days in 2014, which was 11 days less than 2013. This result illustrated that the county improvement strategy achieved initial success, and the improvement rate was 24%. (III) Formulating the county's PM2.5 Control Strategy To sum up, the results suggest that the main pollution sources of PM2.5 in the County are the primary traffic source and secondary ammonium sulfate, followed by elements in the Earth’s crust and sea salt and spray from nature. However, the County is small in size, the retention period of SOx and NOx emissions is too short, resulting in the limited production of the secondary aerosols. Its pollution load is much lower compared to the sources such as China’s Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou; it is speculated that most of the ammonium sulfate and primary traffic source came through long-distance transmission from China, except for its own pollutant discharge. For Kinmen County, the PM2.5 pollution formed and transmitted from the outside sources is belonging to the uncontrollable sources. For this issue, we suggests that the county should understand what are the difficulties and challenges each other is facing now through cross-strait exchanges, and establish a dialogue mechanism and cooperation mode of associated pollution control so that the outside pollution problem could be improved effectively. On the other hand, the PM2.5 formed by the precursor reaction of direct emissions can be classified as controllable sources. Therefore, in stationary sources part, this project suggests to strengthen the stationary source control measures in the short-term, put the laws and regulations into effect, promote the Taipower to use cleaner fuels, formulate autonomous regulations of catering Management as well as retrofit Catering's control equipment comprehensively. In mobile sources part, the county should to eliminate the two-stroke motorbike acceleratingly, subsidy low-pollution vehicles, promote bicycle rental system. Furthermore, to enhance the street dust sweeping, strengthen control and inspection of construction site, improve bare land, reduce ghost money are the goal of fugitive emission control to strive toward. To sum up, all the control strategies mentioned above are feasible to carry out in Kinmen county, which could reduce PM2.5 or its precursors including SO2、NOx、VOCs effectively.

PM2.5, Chemical compositions, CMB receptor model