110

11,267 千元

移動污染源管制

2021/02/24

2021/12/31

蘇淳太

空保處

劉俐君

景丰科技股份有限公司

大氣空氣

排放清冊、移動污染源、排放量空間分配、管制策略

Emissions Inventory, Mobile Source, Emissions Spacial Distribution, Control Strategy

翁子翔

02-23778011#

thweng@simenvi.com.tw

　　車輛移動污染源為直接影響近地表空氣品質的污染來源之一，其排放量推估之準確性，因受到車齡分佈、平均車行里程、用油量等因子影響，各項管制策略至今仍難以透過定性、定量方式，定義其對於空品的貢獻量或與政策推動間的關係，故持續精進移污排放總量推估，結合政策減量的量化需求有其必要性。 　　移污管制及政策推動成效可藉由排放量減量計算評估瞭解，本計畫研修各參數之合宜性，使模式適用於臺灣且逐步反應出政策推動之成效。除此之外，本計畫彙析相關國際公共運輸管制策略及低污染運具推廣作法，並研擬國內提升使用低污染運輸之可行方案。然而移污排放減量因涉及私人運具管理、交通管制手段、公共運具推廣及低污染運具推動等面向，需進行跨部會協商、資料統合，以有效針對國家各行政單位間相關政策進行勾稽，協助署內與其他各部會進行協商亦為重要工作的一環。 為精進移污管制成效，掌握其各項活動指標及環境負荷，完備有效且易於吸收的圖表化方式呈現複雜之數據，提供署內各項移污管制精進建議，本計畫成果摘述如下： （一）完成彙整移動污染源各項活動強度指標從發布單位、發布頻率及歷史資料，並更新至109年度資料。 （二）完成107、108年度排放量完整推估並完成109、110年度排放量初步推估，以完整推估的部分而言，108年排放量較107年主要物種削減約1%~6%。 （三）歷年移動源車輛排放量變化呈現逐年下降趨勢，尾氣排放之粒狀污染物TSP及 PM2.5主要貢獻來源車種為柴油大貨車及柴油小貨車。 （四）完成108年度各車種排放量時空權重分配，結果顯示PM2.5及NOx排放量主要集中於都會區、國道及部分省道路段，NMHC主要集中於都會區。時間分配上，國道小客車及大客車假日平均權重高於平日，交流道路段則以平日平均權重高於假日。 （五）未來年移動污染源排放趨勢，隨著車輛汰舊換新，排放係數下降，各 污染物110～130年呈逐步下降趨勢，車輛尾氣粒狀物下降54～57%；NOX下降64%；CO下降35%；HC下降17%。 （六）完成各地方減量策略目標及減量效益評估，假設各年度目標階達成時，109～112每年度粒狀物約可減量5%，NOX約可減量5%，NMHC約可減量3%。 （七）初步建立國內電動車輛在燃料生命週期之耗能及排放參數，車用能源產品之製造輸送階段（WTP-Fuel）及車輛運行階段（PTW）分別占車輛耗能之55%及45%。PM2.5排放係數為0.008～0.012 g/km、NOX分排放係數為0.310～0.453 g/km （八）配合整體空氣污染管制政策，研提相關減量計算公式，包含推動公共運輸運具轉移、提升機車定（到）檢率及車隊自主管理等面向之減量計算公式。 （九）為提升公車電動化之減量效益，應規劃精進方案以促使業者優先將電動車輛，分配於高營運里程及高運量路線。 （十）低污染運輸可行推動方案精進建議，考量空氣污染減量之急迫性，兼具減少私人運具，鼓勵大眾運輸之考量，仍以淘汰老舊機車為重點，並盤點國內各單位已推動措施，以能源效率為導向研擬推動方案。 （十一）掌握國內低污染運具推廣概況，應持續鼓勵民眾踴躍汰換低污染運具，維持適當之購車補助誘因提升換購率，同時建置完善的基礎設施及充電網絡，達成低污染運具污染減量效益及產業成長綜合效益。 （十二）COVID-19疫情三級警戒期間改變民眾原來移動的生活習慣，各車種移動源活動強度改變及下降，其變化亦影響環境中空氣污染物濃度，整體而言活動強度的下降，有助於改善空氣品質。

排放清冊、移動污染源、排放量空間分配、管制策略

110A076_移動污染源管制及公共運輸策略成效研析計畫(for 上傳).pdf

27MB

2022/2/28 上午 12:00:00

　Mobile source emission is one of the pollution sources that directly affects the air quality near the surface. The factor of estimation accuracy for mobile source emission includes vehicle age distribution, average mileage, fuel consumption, fuel efficiency, traffic flow and road length, the various control strategies are still difficult to characterize. In order to quantify the contribution of mobile source to air quality, it’s necessary to continuously improve the estimation for total amount of mobile source emissions, and combine it with the demand of quantifying emission reduction in terms of policy purpose. 　The effectiveness of mobile source control and policy promotion can be understood through the assessment of emission reduction. This program reviewed and adjusted the suitability of each model parameters, which makes the model locally applied and reflects the effectiveness of policy promotion. In addition, the international strategies of public transportation control and low-emission vehicles promotion were also analyzed in this program. And was later developed in feasible plans to increase the use of low-emission transportation in Taiwan. Furthermore, negotiating with other ministries is also an important part of the work. The reduction of emissions from mobile source, involved in private transportation mode management, traffic control and public transport, it requires cross-departmental consultations and data integration to effectively clarify relevant policies among the various administrative units of the country. 　In order to improve the effectiveness of controlling mobile source, this program keep tabs on various activity indicators and environmental load of mobile sources, interpret complex data into useful and easily understandable charts, and provide suggestions on the improvement of various mobile source controls to the Environmental Protection Administration, the results of this program are summarized as follows: 1. The mobile sources emission data were updated till 2020, including the activity of unit strength index, publication frequency, and historical data. 2. The results of emissions estimation in the past 2018 and 2019 were completed. And also completed preliminary results of emissions estimation in 2020 and 2021. The total emissions of 2019 were reduced by 1% ~6% compared with 2018. 3. The emissions of mobile-source vehicles have shown a downward trend year by year. The main contributors to the particulate pollutants TSP and PM2.5 emitted by exhaust gas are diesel trucks and diesel small trucks. 4. Complete the spatial and temporal weight distribution of emissions of various vehicle types in 2019, the PM2.5 and NOX emissions are mainly concentrated in metropolitan areas and expressways, the emissions of NMHC are mainly concentrated in urban area. From the point of view of time average weight distribution, the weights of expressways holidays for private cars and buses are higher than working days, and working days for interchange sections are higher than holidays. 5. The emission trend of mobile sources in the coming years, the emission factors will decrease as the old vehicles are replaced with new ones, from 2021 to 2041 years, there is a gradual downward trend. The concentration of vehicle exhaust particles has decreased 54-57%; NOX CO and HC have decreased by 64%, 35%, and 17%, respectively. 6. Completion of emission reduction strategy target and benefits evaluation. Through the year of 2020-2023, particulate pollutants can be reduced by about 5%, NOX can be reduced by about 5%, and NMHC can be reduced by about 3% annually. 7. Establish the energy consumption and emission parameters of domestic electric vehicles in the fuel life cycle. The well-to-pump (WTP-Fuel) and pump-to-wheel (PTW) life cycle account for 55% and 45% of vehicle energy consumption, respectively. The PM2.5 emission factor is 0.008～0.012 g/km, and the NOX emission factor is 0.310～0.453 g/km 8. Study the calculation formulas for reductions, including promoting the transfer of public transportations, increasing periodic inspection and inspection rate of scooters, and autonomous management of the fleet 9. In order to improve the efficiency of emission reduction in the electrification of buses, the priority of subsides should be given to electric buses running on high operating mileage and high-volume routes. 10. In order to reduce vehicle ownership and promote public transportation, the feasible action plan for promoting low-emission vehicle must still focus on old vehicle scrappage, taking insights from measures that was took across different departments, and consider energy efficiency oriented plan as future policy direction. 11. Encourage low-emission vehicle as a replacement for high-emitting vehicle, maintain incentives for car purchase subsidies to increase the replacement rate, establish complete infrastructure charging equipment to achieve low-emission vehicle pollution reduction benefits. 12. The traffic habits of Taiwanese were changed, during the Level 3 Alert period of the COVID-19 epidemic episode. The activity intensity of the mobile sources of various vehicle types changed and decreased, and the changes also affected the air pollutions concentration in the environment. In general, the activity intensity of vehicle reduction was leaded to improve air quality.

Emissions Inventory, Mobile Source, Emissions Spacial Distribution, Control Strategy