111A014

111

7,300 千元

化學物質評估與管理-環境用藥管理

2022/01/27

2022/12/31

白秀華

化學局

許智凱

國立高雄大學

環境用藥

環境害蟲、疣胸琉璃蟻、感藥性檢測、鑑識劑量 (濃度)、綠色化學

environmental pests, Dolichoderus thoracicus, susceptibility monitoring, discrimination dose (concentration), green chemistry

徐爾烈

張鈞詠

07-5919755#

jimmy.anky@gmail.com

為遏止傳染病傳播或解決居家環境害蟲 (如：蚊類、蠅類、蟑螂、蛾蚋、臭蟲等) 之危害，多依賴化學殺蟲劑進行防治，為達環境永續及有效害蟲防治，本計畫探討氣候變遷中對環境衛生害蟲之影響及預防；環境用藥藥劑成分之感藥性監測，探討抗藥性之因應策略；分析國際環境用藥以綠色化學取代傳統環境用藥研發；並同時考量現有國內環境用藥現況、環境與人體健康暴露風險，推動綜整害蟲防治技術，以維護人體及環境之健康。 執行成果：病媒防治業者防治疣胸琉璃蟻之分佈調查結果，發現自 2019年迄 2022年間臺灣疣胸琉璃蟻之分佈由 9 縣市增加為 14 縣市，防治月份以5月至9月居多，防治地點以民宅、花園、農園、雜木林及校園為主 (97.50 %)；病媒防治業者對環境管理及一般防治作業態度及行為具與基本認知，但對於疣胸琉璃蟻生態習性知識之瞭解 (38.01 %) 及會進行加強清理環境較少 ( 2.19 %)。疣胸琉璃蟻實地偵查調查結果，發現地點為校園、民宅及果園為主，其中以人工設施發現之疣胸琉璃蟻比率最高 (54.95 %)，疣胸琉璃蟻經自然或人工設施作為通道，成為自戶外進入到室內的擴散途徑，由於疣胸琉璃蟻喜好於隱蔽性較高環境築巢，故防治策略首先須加強環境清理，可避免疣胸琉璃蟻攀爬侵入並藏匿於居家環境；化學防治方面，專業人士可使用環保署許可之特殊環境用藥，以觸殺型藥劑配合餌劑進行二階段防治方法施用；而一般民眾可使用環保署許可之一般環境用藥，可有效降低疣胸琉璃蟻之密度。此外，未來可以開發非傳統化學藥劑之防治資材，例如精油、皂素等，達到殺蟻或忌避之效果，減少傳統化學藥劑之使用，達到環境永續發展之目標。 臺灣城區野外品系白線斑蚊及埃及斑蚊對 10 種環境用藥有效成分 (賽滅寧、治滅寧、百滅寧、第滅寧、陶斯松、撲滅松、亞特松、安丹、芬普尼及益達胺) 之感藥性檢測結果皆呈現低抗藥性 (Resistance Ratio; RR < 10)；熱帶家蚊對治滅寧呈現中抗藥性 (RR = 12.76)；白腹叢蚊對治滅寧及第滅寧呈現中抗藥性 (RR = 15.97及17.80)；德國蟑螂對百滅寧及第滅寧呈現中抗藥性 (RR = 10.92及10.44)；美洲蟑螂對10 種環境用藥有效成分皆為低抗藥性；普通家蠅對治滅寧及百滅寧呈現高抗藥性 (RR = 52.05-73.94)，對賽滅寧及第滅寧呈現嚴重抗藥性 (RR = 423.54及994.00)，對陶斯松、撲滅松及亞特松呈現中抗藥性及高抗藥性 (RR = 20.14、22.15及123.95)，對安丹、芬普尼及益達胺呈現中抗藥性及高抗藥性 (RR = 58.07、24.88及10.02)；大頭金蠅對 10 種環境用藥有效成分皆為低抗藥性；黑腹果蠅對百滅寧呈現中抗藥性 (RR = 23.87)，對陶斯松呈現中抗藥性 (R = 11.83)，對安丹呈現中抗藥性 (R = 13.94)，對益達胺呈現中抗藥性 (R = 14.03)；白斑蛾蚋及溫帶臭蟲對 10 種環境用藥有效成分皆為低抗藥性。 已完成蒐集分析國際環境用藥以綠色化學取代傳統環境用藥研發，共256筆文獻資料，包括：微生物防治、精油、昆蟲生長調節劑、費洛蒙及其他等。配合現有國內環境用藥現況進行環境與人體健康暴露風險分析，綜整害蟲防治技術及規劃推廣，對已建立規範之藥效檢測方法 (液劑、水基乳劑、可濕性粉劑及餌劑)，進行適用性之試驗及檢討，作為未來公告之參考。本計畫執行進度已完成整體工作項目 100.00 %，符合期末報告 100.00 %，且完成蒐集國際環境用藥以綠色化學取代傳統環境用藥資料、新興害蟲調查1案 (疣胸琉璃蟻)及兩次工作會議之要求。

環境害蟲、疣胸琉璃蟻、感藥性檢測、鑑識劑量 (濃度)、綠色化學

111年環境用藥綠色技術研發綜整計畫-成果報告 (111.12.1).pdf

19MB

111年環境用藥綠色技術研發綜整計畫成果報告

2023/1/31 上午 12:00:00

To prevention the transmission of infectious diseases or solve the hazard caused by pests (such as mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, moth flies, and bed bugs) to the home environment, we normally rely on chemical pesticides for control. For achieving environmental sustainability and effective pest control, the project explores the impact and prevention of climate change to environmental pests; the susceptibility monitoring of environmental agent components to discuss the coping strategies for the resistance; the analysis of international environmental agents to replace traditional research and development in environmental agent with green chemistry; and considers the current state of domestic environmental agents, exposure risk of the environment and human health, and the promotion of pest control technology integration to maintain human and environmental health. The result: The investigation on the distribution of Dolichoderus thoracicus carried out by pest control operators reveals that 9 counties and cities increased to 14 from 2019 to 2022 in Taiwan, and the months for treatment is between May and September. The location of treatment is mostly private homes, gardens, farms, woodland, and campuses (97.50 %). Pest control operators have basic knowledge towards environmental management as well as basic attitude and behavior towards general prevention and treatment, but they know less about the ecological habit of Dolichoderus thoracicus (38.01 %) and willing to clean the environment after the treatment ( 2.19 %). The on-site investigation of Dolichoderus thoracicus shows the location is mainly campus, private homes, and fruit farms. Among them, the rate of finding Dolichoderus thoracicus on artificial facilities is the highest (54.95 %). Dolichoderus thoracicus uses natural or artificial facilities as the passage to spread from outdoor to indoor. Dolichoderus thoracicus prefers to nest in an environment with high hidden nature. Therefore, in the first control strategies, people must focus on cleaning environment to avoid its invading and nesting in their homes. In chemical control, professional personnel can use special environmental agents permitted by the Environmental Protection Agency to carry out a two-step method by contact insecticide and bait. The general public can use common environmental agents approved by the Environmental Protection Agency to effectively reduce the density of Dolichoderus thoracicus. In addition, prevention and treatment materials of non-traditional chemical agents, like essential oil and saponin, are suggested to be developed in the future to achieve the effect of killing ants or repellent and reduce the use of traditional chemical agents in order to implement the goal of the sustainable environmental development. The testing result of susceptibility to the 10 environmental agent components (Cypermethrin, Tetramethrin, Permethrin, Deltamethrin, Chlorpyrifos, Fenitrothion, Pirimiphos-Methyl, Propoxur, Fipronil, and Imidacloprid) among wild strains, Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti, in Taiwan urban areas all shows low resistance (Resistance Ratio; RR < 10). Culex quinquefasciatus presents medium resistance to Tetramethrin (RR = 12.76), Armigeres subalbatus presents medium resistance to Tetramethrin and Deltamethrin (RR = 15.97及17.80), Blattella germanica presents medium resistance to Permethrin and Deltamethrin (RR = 10.92及10.44), Periplaneta americana shows low resistance to the 10 environmental agent components, Musca domestica presents high resistance to Tetramethrin and Permethrin (RR = 52.05-73.94) while presents severe resistance to Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin (RR = 423.54及994.00), medium resistance to Chlorpyrifos and Chlorpyrifos and high resistance to Pirimiphos-Methyl (RR = 20.14, 22.15 and 123.95) as well as medium resistance to Propoxur and Fipronil and high resistance to Imidacloprid (RR = 58.07, 24.88 and 10.02). Chrysomya megacephala presents low resistance to the 10 environmental agent components. Drosophila melanogaster presents medium resistance to Permethrin (RR = 23.87), medium resistance to Chlorpyrifos (R = 11.83), medium resistance to Propoxur (R = 13.94), and medium resistance to Imidacloprid (R = 14.03). Telmatoscopus albipunctatus and Cimex lectularius both present low resistance to the 10 environmental agent components. The study has completed the collection and analysis of international environmental agents to replace traditional research and development in environmental agents with green chemistry. There are 256 records of literature, including microbial control, essential oil, insect growth regulator, pheromone, and others. Cooperating with the current state of domestic environmental agents to carry out environmental and human health exposure risk analysis, integrate pest control technology, and implement applicability testing and discussion on the regulated methods for efficacy testing (liquid, emulsion ＆ oil in water, wettable powder, and bait) as the reference for the future announcement. The implementation progress of the project has achieved 100.00% of the whole content and 100% met the end report. Besides, we have completed collecting the data of using green chemistry to replace traditional environmental agents among international environmental agents as well as one case of emerging pest investigation (Dolichoderus thoracicus) and requirements for two working sessions.

environmental pests, Dolichoderus thoracicus, susceptibility monitoring, discrimination dose (concentration), green chemistry