112DB001

112

6,050 千元

科技發展-化學物質科學研究

2023/02/10

2023/12/15

白秀華

化學署危害控制組

賴致勳

國立高雄大學

環境用藥、環境衛生

環境害蟲、抗藥性快速檢測、生物檢測、鑑識劑量 (濃度)、綠色化學、毒糖餌劑

environmental pests, rapid pesticide resistance bioasays, bioassay, discrimination dose (concentration), green chemistry, attractive toxic sugar baits

徐爾烈

張鈞詠

07-5919755#

jimmy.anky@gmail.com

本計畫依據環境保護政策目標及工作要項，因應社會及環境永續發展之需求，共有四大項工作項目: 第一項為規劃研析國際環境用藥可替代綠色化學有效成分可行性並完成綠色化學替代1案；第二項是以 111 年建立之市售常用藥劑成分鑑識劑量 (濃度)，進行廣範圍抗藥性分析及交互抗性之研究，探討氣候變遷中環境衛生用藥對害蟲之影響及因應；第三項是規劃並完成建立斑蚊成蟲誘引劑應用防治技術，以因應臺灣防治登革熱病媒蚊之需要；第四項是建立環境用藥藥效檢測方法技術規範，劑型包含糊狀劑、膠囊懸著劑 (含微膠囊懸浮劑)、砂粒劑，作為「環境衛生用藥許可證登記防治性能之藥效檢測結果審查基準」公告之參考及提供環境用藥申請、核發及管理之需要 ，以提升害蟲防治技術，建全綜合防治體系。執行成果：以 6 種植物源成分 (包含 2 種植物精油產品及 4 種植物精油原液) 對常見之環境害蟲 (蚊類、蟑螂、蠅類及螞蟻) 進行感受性試驗以及藥效檢測，結果顯示， 6 種植物源成分以玻璃筒法對黑腹果蠅及疣胸琉璃蟻具有可替代性。苦楝油及甜橙精油以殘效接觸法對蚊類、蟑螂、普通家蠅、黑腹果蠅及疣胸琉璃蟻均具有可替代性；苦楝油產品及月桃精油對蚊類、普通家蠅、黑腹果蠅及疣胸琉璃蟻均具有可替代性。6 種植物源成分以浸浴法對蚊類幼蟲除了苦楝油產品對白線斑蚊幼蟲無法進行實驗外，其餘均有可替代性。 依 111年建立之抗藥性鑑識劑量 (濃度) 對台灣常見之環境害蟲進行廣範圍抗藥性快速檢測，白線斑蚊萬巒鄉品系對 3 種有機磷類藥劑 (陶斯松、撲滅松及亞特松)及 2 種其他類藥劑 (安丹及益達胺) 可能有抗藥性，東港鎮品系對益達胺有抗藥性並對亞特松可能有抗藥性；埃及斑蚊東港鎮品系對芬普尼及益達胺有抗藥性並呈現交互抗性；埃及斑蚊萬巒鄉品系對治滅寧、撲滅松及亞特松可能有抗藥性，對安丹、芬普尼及益達胺有抗藥性並呈現交互抗性；埃及斑蚊枋寮鄉品系對益達胺可能有抗藥性；德國蟑螂埔里鎮品系對 4 種除蟲菊酯類藥劑有抗藥性及交互抗性，對亞特松及益達胺有抗藥性，呈現多重抗性；德國蟑螂竹山鎮品系及草屯鎮品系對除蟲菊酯類及其他類藥劑有交互抗性且呈現多重抗性；美洲蟑螂 5 個野外品系對 4 種常見除蟲菊酯類、3 種有機磷類及 3 種其他類藥劑均無抗藥性；普通家蠅 5 個野外品系對 4 種常見除蟲菊酯類、3 種有機磷類及 3 種其他類藥劑均有抗藥性且呈現交互抗性及多重抗性；黑腹果蠅埔里鎮品系及名間鄉品系對益達胺有抗藥性；黑腹果蠅竹山鎮品系、草屯鎮品系及集集鎮品系對賽滅寧、百滅寧、第滅寧及益達胺均有抗藥性且呈現交互抗性及多重抗性；白斑蛾蚋 5 個野外品系對 4 種常用除蟲菊酯類、3 種有機磷類及 3 種其他類藥劑皆無抗藥性。 已完成建立液態毒糖餌劑及餌站毒糖餌劑之劑型，並經過蟲籠法藥效檢測及室內空間模擬試驗證實餌劑配方及施用方法之可行性，進一步進行室外模擬試驗。室外模擬試驗於施藥後的監測結果顯示，第一次液態糖餌劑及餌站糖餌劑施作後，斑蚊卵密度分別減少 20.15 % 及 31.20 %，對照組區域密度增加 9.77 %；第二次液態糖餌劑及餌站糖餌劑施作後，斑蚊卵密度分別減少 6.22 % 及 8.92 %，對照組區域密度增加 66.39 %；第三次液態糖餌劑及餌站糖餌劑施作後，斑蚊卵密度分別減少 38.98 % 及 34.35 %，對照組區域密度增加 33.75 %，顯示兩種劑型之毒糖餌劑，皆能效抑制當地病媒蚊族群密度；但是若遇強降雨容易因雨水沖刷而失去其防治效果，建議施作時須考量當地天氣變化因素，適時調整防治頻率。 已完成浸浴法對砂粒劑之藥效檢測方法規範之建立；完成殘效接觸法對膠囊懸著劑 (微膠囊懸浮劑) 之藥效檢測方法規範建立；完成糊狀劑之選擇性試驗及非選擇試驗之藥效檢測方法規範建立，作為未來公告之參考。本計畫目前執行進度已完成整體工作項目100.00 %，符合成果報告 100.00 %，且完成兩次工作會議之要求。

環境害蟲、抗藥性快速檢測、生物檢測、鑑識劑量 (濃度)、綠色化學、毒糖餌劑

112年環境用藥綠色化學研究技術計畫-成果報告 (定稿本).pdf

5MB

2024/1/3 上午 12:00:00

This project, in accordance with the goals and tasks of environmental protection policies, and in response to the needs of social and environmental sustainable development, consists of four major work items: The first item involves planning and analyzing the feasibility of internationally recognized environmentally friendly chemical alternatives for pesticides and completing the substitution of chemical agents with green alternatives. The second item according to the discriminating dose (concentrations) of vector pests established in 2022, efforts were made to carry out a wide range of rapid resistance analysis and cross-resistance research on commonly used pesticides, exploring the impact of environmental health pesticides on pests during climate change, and devising corresponding measures. The third item involves planning and completing the establishment of techniques for the application and control of adult mosquitoes through attractants. This is aimed at addressing the need for controlling mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue fever in Taiwan. The fourth item aims to establish technical specifications for the detection of the efficacy of environmental pesticides. This includes various formulations such as paste, capsule suspension (including microcapsule suspensions), and sand granules. These specifications serve as a reference for the announcement of criteria in reviewing the results of environmental pesticide performance in the "Control Efficacy Testing Results Evaluation Standards for Environmental Agent Permit Registrations." They also provide essential requirements for the application, issuance, and management of environmental pesticides, with the goal of advancing pest control technology and establishing a comprehensive control system. Results of the project: Six plant-based components, including two plant essential oil products and four plant essential oil extracts, were tested for susceptibility and efficacy against common environmental pests (mosquitoes, cockroaches, flies, and ants). The results show that these six plant-based components can be used as alternatives when tested by the glass vial method against the Drosophila melanogaster and the Dolichoderus thoracicus. Neem oil and sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) essential oil, when tested with the residual contact method, are found to be suitable alternatives for mosquitoes, cockroaches, Musca domestica, Drosophila melanogaster, and Dolichoderus thoracicus. Neem oil products and essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet are identified as alternatives for mosquitoes, Musca domestica, Drosophila melanogaster, and Dolichoderus thoracicus. When tested by the immersion method on mosquito larvae, all six plant-based components, except for neem oil products, are found to be suitable alternatives for mosquitoe larvae, except Aedes albopictus larvae. According to the discriminating doses (concentrations) of pesticides established in 2022, a rapid resistance bioassay was conducted on common environmental pests in Taiwan. The Wanluan strain of Aedes albopictus exhibits possible resistance to three organophosphorus pesticides (chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, and pirimiphos-methyl) and two other types of pesticides (propoxur and imidacloprid). The Donggang strain is resistance to imidacloprid and possible resistance to pirimiphos-methyl. The Donggang strain of Aedes aegypti exhibits resistance to fenitrothion and imidacloprid and also displays cross-resistance. The Wanluan strain of Aedes aegypti has possible resistance to fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, and pirimiphos-methyl, along with resistance and cross-resistance to propoxur, imidacloprid, and multiple resistance. The Fangliao strain of Aedes aegypti has resistance to imidacloprid. The Puli strain of Blattella germanica exhibits resistance and cross-resistance to four pyrethroids, resistance to pirimiphos-methyl, and multiple resistance. The Zhushan and Caotun strains of Blattella germanica show cross-resistance to pyrethroid and other types of pesticides, along with multiple resistance. Five wild strains of Periplaneta americana show no resistance or cross-resistance to four common pyrethroids, three organophosphorus pesticides, and three other types of pesticides. Five wild strains of the Mosca domestica exhibit resistance and cross-resistance to four common pyrethroids, three organophosphorus pesticides, and three other types of pesticides, displaying multiple resistance.The Puli strain and Mingjian strain of Drosophila melanogaster show resistance to imidacloprid, while the Zhushan strain, Caotun strain, and Jiji strain exhibit resistance and cross-resistance to cypermethrin, permethrin, deltamethrin, and imidacloprid, displaying multiple resistance. Five wild strains of Telmatoscopus albipunctatus show no resistance or cross-resistance to four common pyrethroids, three organophosphorus pesticides, and three other types of pesticides. The liquid attractive toxic sugar bait and station attractive toxic sugar bait have been successfully developed. After conducting efficacy test by cage tests and indoor simulations to verify the feasibility of bait formulations and application methods, further field studies were performed. The monitoring results of the field studies after the application of the baits reveal the following: In the areas where liquid attractive toxic sugar bait and station attractive toxic sugar bait were applied in the first control, there is a reduction in density of vector mosquito eggs by 20.15% and 31.20%, respectively. While the control group shows an increase in density of 9.77%. In the areas where liquid attractive toxic sugar bait and station attractive toxic sugar bait were applied in the second control, there is a reduction in mosquito egg density by 6.22% and 8.92%, respectively. While the control group exhibits an increase in density of 66.39%. In the areas where liquid attractive toxic sugar bait and station attractive toxic sugar bait were applied in the third control, there is a reduction in density of vector mosquito eggs by 38.98% and 34.35 %, respectively. While the control group exhibits an increase in density of 33.75%. These results demonstrate that both types of attractive toxic sugar baits effectively suppressed the local population density of mosquitoes. However, it is important to note that their effectiveness can be compromised by heavy rainfall, which may wash away the bait. It is recommended that when applying these baits, consideration should be given to weather conditions in the application area, and the frequency of control measures should be adjusted as needed. The establishment of efficacy test of the immersion method for sand granules has been completed. The establishment of efficacy test of glass column method and residual contact method for capsule suspension (including microcapsule suspensions) has been accomplished. The establishment of efficacy test of the two-choice and no-choice trials for paste has been accomplished.These establishments will serve as references for future announcements. The current progress of this project has achieved 100.00% completion of all work items, meeting the 100.00% milestone for the achievement report. Furthermore, the project has fulfilled with the requirements of two working meetings.

environmental pests, rapid pesticide resistance bioasays, bioassay, discrimination dose (concentration), green chemistry, attractive toxic sugar baits