環保專案成果報告查詢系統

專案計畫編號	EPA-94-GA12-03-A187
經費年度	094
計畫經費	4,380 千元
專案開始日期	2005/05/06
專案結束日期	2006/03/01
專案主持人	中興大學土環系林正鈁
主辦單位	土污基管會
承辦人
執行單位	中興大學土壤環境科學系林正鈁教授
專案分類	土壤及地下水
中文關鍵字	農地重金屬污染;灌溉水質;底泥;傳輸
英文關鍵字	Farmland Heavy Metal contaminate; irrigation water quality; Sediments; Transport
協同主持人	中興大學土環系黃政恆、鄒裕民、王尚禮、林耀東、應經系陳吉仲、高雄第一科大李家偉、農工中心張大偉
共同主持人
計畫聯絡人	林耀東
計畫聯絡電話	0422840373#3105
計畫聯絡信箱	yaotung@nchu.edu.tw

中文摘要	民國71年起開始進行土壤重金屬含量之調查，歷經20餘年之大樣區、中樣區、細密調查與坵塊調查等。台灣地區農地遭受重金屬污染含量(扣除Cu、Zn)達五級之面積為319公頃，主要污染為彰化縣佔56%。本計劃針對農田灌溉用水與底泥管理之技術及對策，為預防污染灌溉水或灌溉渠道底泥對農田之污染，主要工作項目為蒐集農田環境資料庫、瞭解重金屬於農地環境流佈及宿命以及探討現行採樣方法之合宜性。首先需建置灌溉渠道及農地電子資料庫中，其內容包括農地、灌渠及土壤品質資料、國內外相關文獻報告、農地污染相關法規及檢測、列管事業優先清查名單等資料蒐集。探討現行農地重金屬調查之採樣方法，針對不同採樣時機，如污染判定調查、定期監測方法、整治前細密調查以及整治後成果研判，建議採樣方法隨著採樣目的以及時機而有所調整為原則。預防農地重金屬污染監測性方案，將擬定被動式策略建議以設置土壤監測站為軸心，而主動式策略則是針對削減灌渠污染總量為目標。並修正灌溉溝渠底泥處置作業行政指引，彙整相關法令、訂定清除執行機構、清除原則以及清除計劃書。利用地理資訊系統探討農地重金屬污染，由環保署列管事業及水利會建檔排洩戶資料，篩選出建議初步優先清查之污染名單，共有779筆事業資料。而污染源事業體之廢(污)水輸出總量與農地重金屬污染之程度有關，前25% 污染輸出量較大者，其輸出總量佔總污染量為89 %。將污染事業排放總量進行農地土壤潛在風險分析後，可將農地區分為高、中、低風險污染區，並針對中、高風險污染區進行優先清查及監測。本計劃農地土壤採樣則採取「系統網格調查」，並收集不同時期(一般及暴雨)之鄰近農田的灌溉渠道水及底泥進一步實驗分析，重金屬在土壤的分佈不論是二維平面或垂直剖面的分佈，均由入水口向出水口方向逐漸遞減，於剖面深度則有向下遞減的趨勢。另外，渠道水中各重金屬濃度均相當低，但懸浮固體以及底泥則相對有較高的重金屬含量。而由Tessier序列萃取發現，重金屬在底泥及土壤的形態主要以鐵錳氧化態為主，但比例依重金屬種類及分佈位置而異，此說明重金屬在移動的過程中會依環境的差異發生轉變。而由現地渠道及土壤資料進行重金屬質量平衡計算得知，底泥與渠道水中重金屬可能在短短數年之間，即會將整治過的土壤重金屬含量增加至超過管制標準。灌溉水及灌溉渠道底泥對農地重金屬污染之比重分別為0.7-97.3%以及2.7-99.3%。由以上結果可得知農地重金屬污染來自於固態微粒的傳輸，而固態微粒則是來自於水中懸浮微粒以及底泥經沖刷再懸浮所造成。灌溉排水系統底泥重金屬之健康以及經濟效益評估，結果顯示渠道底泥挖除後若未清運，則其堆置乾燥後盛行風下風處鄰近居民吸入重金屬之致癌風險超過一般認定之可接受?(百萬分之一)，其中以Cr(VI)造成之致癌風險最高，重金屬吸入之非致癌健康危害指數大於1，其中以Cr(III)危害指數最高；桃園、彰化及高雄等三地區底泥清除時的益本比皆高於1。設於農田水利會灌區內之排洩戶多將廢水排注於灌溉排水系統中，經長累積渠道底部逐漸形成含污染物之底泥層。若經由在沖刷擾動沈積物，進而溢流或傳輸進入農地土壤，使得農地遭受重金屬污染。因此於灌溉排水系統管理之技術與對策中，則針對削減灌渠污染總量為首要解決之道。
中文關鍵字	農地重金屬污染;灌溉水質;底泥;傳輸

中文摘要

民國71年起開始進行土壤重金屬含量之調查，歷經20餘年之大樣區、中樣區、細密調查與坵塊調查等。台灣地區農地遭受重金屬污染含量(扣除Cu、Zn)達五級之面積為319公頃，主要污染為彰化縣佔56%。本計劃針對農田灌溉用水與底泥管理之技術及對策，為預防污染灌溉水或灌溉渠道底泥對農田之污染，主要工作項目為蒐集農田環境資料庫、瞭解重金屬於農地環境流佈及宿命以及探討現行採樣方法之合宜性。首先需建置灌溉渠道及農地電子資料庫中，其內容包括農地、灌渠及土壤品質資料、國內外相關文獻報告、農地污染相關法規及檢測、列管事業優先清查名單等資料蒐集。探討現行農地重金屬調查之採樣方法，針對不同採樣時機，如污染判定調查、定期監測方法、整治前細密調查以及整治後成果研判，建議採樣方法隨著採樣目的以及時機而有所調整為原則。預防農地重金屬污染監測性方案，將擬定被動式策略建議以設置土壤監測站為軸心，而主動式策略則是針對削減灌渠污染總量為目標。並修正灌溉溝渠底泥處置作業行政指引，彙整相關法令、訂定清除執行機構、清除原則以及清除計劃書。利用地理資訊系統探討農地重金屬污染，由環保署列管事業及水利會建檔排洩戶資料，篩選出建議初步優先清查之污染名單，共有779筆事業資料。而污染源事業體之廢(污)水輸出總量與農地重金屬污染之程度有關，前25% 污染輸出量較大者，其輸出總量佔總污染量為89 %。將污染事業排放總量進行農地土壤潛在風險分析後，可將農地區分為高、中、低風險污染區，並針對中、高風險污染區進行優先清查及監測。本計劃農地土壤採樣則採取「系統網格調查」，並收集不同時期(一般及暴雨)之鄰近農田的灌溉渠道水及底泥進一步實驗分析，重金屬在土壤的分佈不論是二維平面或垂直剖面的分佈，均由入水口向出水口方向逐漸遞減，於剖面深度則有向下遞減的趨勢。另外，渠道水中各重金屬濃度均相當低，但懸浮固體以及底泥則相對有較高的重金屬含量。而由Tessier序列萃取發現，重金屬在底泥及土壤的形態主要以鐵錳氧化態為主，但比例依重金屬種類及分佈位置而異，此說明重金屬在移動的過程中會依環境的差異發生轉變。而由現地渠道及土壤資料進行重金屬質量平衡計算得知，底泥與渠道水中重金屬可能在短短數年之間，即會將整治過的土壤重金屬含量增加至超過管制標準。灌溉水及灌溉渠道底泥對農地重金屬污染之比重分別為0.7-97.3%以及2.7-99.3%。由以上結果可得知農地重金屬污染來自於固態微粒的傳輸，而固態微粒則是來自於水中懸浮微粒以及底泥經沖刷再懸浮所造成。灌溉排水系統底泥重金屬之健康以及經濟效益評估，結果顯示渠道底泥挖除後若未清運，則其堆置乾燥後盛行風下風處鄰近居民吸入重金屬之致癌風險超過一般認定之可接受?(百萬分之一)，其中以Cr(VI)造成之致癌風險最高，重金屬吸入之非致癌健康危害指數大於1，其中以Cr(III)危害指數最高；桃園、彰化及高雄等三地區底泥清除時的益本比皆高於1。設於農田水利會灌區內之排洩戶多將廢水排注於灌溉排水系統中，經長累積渠道底部逐漸形成含污染物之底泥層。若經由在沖刷擾動沈積物，進而溢流或傳輸進入農地土壤，使得農地遭受重金屬污染。因此於灌溉排水系統管理之技術與對策中，則針對削減灌渠污染總量為首要解決之道。

中文關鍵字

農地重金屬污染;灌溉水質;底泥;傳輸

類型	檔名	檔案大小	說明	最新版公開日期
期末報告	灌溉水及灌溉渠道底泥對農地污染之影響探討計畫專案工作計畫.pdf	33MB	[期末報告]公開完整版	2006/8/1 上午 12:00:00

摘要	The investigation of the content of heavy metals (HMs) of soil was started from the 71st year, the survey on large district, middle district, intensive and bulk, etc. was continued over than 20 years. The HMs polluted (the content up to five grades deducts Cu, Zn) of Taiwan rice land was 319 hectares. Changhua county is mainly polluted area and account for 56% pollute. This object is directed irrigation water and sediments of rice land. In order to prevent the irrigating water or sediments contaminate, the main work item is collect rice land environmental database, understand HMs flow and distribute on rice land environment, discussion the sampling methods getting suitable. At first, the electronic database of rice land and irrigation ditch will construct, which includes the rice land, irritation ditch, paddy soil quality, domestic and international relevant research, relevant regulations of rice land contaminate and detection method, arranging the discharge household have priority to check the list to collect. The sampling method of HMs content of rice land will investigate. The sampling method to probe into the opportunity of sampling differently, ex. contaminate source to survey, regular monitor method, meticulous survey before renovation, to assay after renovation, it propose sampling method is with sampling purpose and opportunity to some principle. The schemes of prevention of rice land heavy metal contaminate monitoring will draft the tactics of the passive form propose regarding setting up the soil monitoring station, the active tactics are to cutting down the total amount of pollute. To emend removal of sediments administration guide, to collect relevant decree, is it removal of sediments the executive, principle and prospectus. Utilize the geographic information system (GIS) to probe into the rice land HMs to pollute, will be reference materials that list and manage enterprise organization by the environmental protection administration and discharge household by the Taiwan joint irrigation association, to screen the preliminary preferential contaminate list that checked of the suggestion, there are 779 data. The first 25% contaminate, who export getting heavy, account for 89% of total contaminate. After discharging the abolish water total amount on the potential risk analysis of rice land soil, the rice land could be separated to high , middle and low contaminated degree area. The high, middle and low contaminated degree area will monitor preferentially. This plan sampling adopt the systematic and grid sampling, period of it more collects to be different (generally and torrential rain) last irrigation channel water and sediments experimental analysis result the HMs in soils decrease in the directions of depth and distance from the irrigation entrance. The concentrations of HMs in irrigation water are extremely low as compared with those in suspended particles and sediments. The results suggest that the transports of HMs in irrigation ditch or in soils are possible in the forms of solid phases. Tessier sequential extractions of soils and sediments indicate that HMs are mainly associated with Fe/Mn oxides; however, HMs in each extracted fraction change with various samples and sampling locations, a possible result of dissociation and association of HMs with soil particles during HMs transfer. Take chromium metal as an example, a predication of HMs accumulations in soils was conducted through mass-balance calculation. The calculation leads to a result that it takes 54-607 years to re-contaminate reclaimed soils if HMs-bearing irrigation water and sediments are contributive factor to the accumulation of HMs in soils, obviously shorter than irrigating water is the only contributive factor; Irrigate water and sediments the specific gravity that pollute to the rice land HMs were 0.8-25.0% and 75.0-99.2% respectively. Can learn the rice land HMs pollutes the transmission that comes from the solid state particle by the above result, solid state particle to come from irrigation water suspend particle and sediment is it lead to the fact to suspend to erode. One of the objectives of this study was to investigate the health risk for human exposure to HMs contained in particulate matter (PM) emitted from the resuspension of the dry sediment after clean-up process and cost of sediments clearance policy in the irrigation ditch. Results obtained from the risk assessment indicated that the cancer risk of human exposure to dry sediment resuspension may exceed the acceptable cancer risk level (10-5-10-6) and possibility exists that non-cancer health effects; results show that the Cost-Benefit (BC) ratios in Taoyuan, Chunghua and Kaohsiung counties are all higher than one. The Irrigation system HMs contaminate for main transmission way, sediment is it works for move directly to remove except that contaminate sources best method. In order to stop the transmission of the contaminate sources, Irrigation system in the technology and method of system management, short period (in medium, high risk area to investigate a Intensive survey), middle period (cut down not irritating ditch total amount), long-term (Irrigation and drain off water system will be separating), consider in order to offer the administrative organization in light of actual conditions.
英文關鍵字	Farmland Heavy Metal contaminate; irrigation water quality; Sediments; Transport

摘要

The investigation of the content of heavy metals (HMs) of soil was started from the 71st year, the survey on large district, middle district, intensive and bulk, etc. was continued over than 20 years. The HMs polluted (the content up to five grades deducts Cu, Zn) of Taiwan rice land was 319 hectares. Changhua county is mainly polluted area and account for 56% pollute. This object is directed irrigation water and sediments of rice land. In order to prevent the irrigating water or sediments contaminate, the main work item is collect rice land environmental database, understand HMs flow and distribute on rice land environment, discussion the sampling methods getting suitable. At first, the electronic database of rice land and irrigation ditch will construct, which includes the rice land, irritation ditch, paddy soil quality, domestic and international relevant research, relevant regulations of rice land contaminate and detection method, arranging the discharge household have priority to check the list to collect. The sampling method of HMs content of rice land will investigate. The sampling method to probe into the opportunity of sampling differently, ex. contaminate source to survey, regular monitor method, meticulous survey before renovation, to assay after renovation, it propose sampling method is with sampling purpose and opportunity to some principle. The schemes of prevention of rice land heavy metal contaminate monitoring will draft the tactics of the passive form propose regarding setting up the soil monitoring station, the active tactics are to cutting down the total amount of pollute. To emend removal of sediments administration guide, to collect relevant decree, is it removal of sediments the executive, principle and prospectus. Utilize the geographic information system (GIS) to probe into the rice land HMs to pollute, will be reference materials that list and manage enterprise organization by the environmental protection administration and discharge household by the Taiwan joint irrigation association, to screen the preliminary preferential contaminate list that checked of the suggestion, there are 779 data. The first 25% contaminate, who export getting heavy, account for 89% of total contaminate. After discharging the abolish water total amount on the potential risk analysis of rice land soil, the rice land could be separated to high , middle and low contaminated degree area. The high, middle and low contaminated degree area will monitor preferentially. This plan sampling adopt the systematic and grid sampling, period of it more collects to be different (generally and torrential rain) last irrigation channel water and sediments experimental analysis result the HMs in soils decrease in the directions of depth and distance from the irrigation entrance. The concentrations of HMs in irrigation water are extremely low as compared with those in suspended particles and sediments. The results suggest that the transports of HMs in irrigation ditch or in soils are possible in the forms of solid phases. Tessier sequential extractions of soils and sediments indicate that HMs are mainly associated with Fe/Mn oxides; however, HMs in each extracted fraction change with various samples and sampling locations, a possible result of dissociation and association of HMs with soil particles during HMs transfer. Take chromium metal as an example, a predication of HMs accumulations in soils was conducted through mass-balance calculation. The calculation leads to a result that it takes 54-607 years to re-contaminate reclaimed soils if HMs-bearing irrigation water and sediments are contributive factor to the accumulation of HMs in soils, obviously shorter than irrigating water is the only contributive factor; Irrigate water and sediments the specific gravity that pollute to the rice land HMs were 0.8-25.0% and 75.0-99.2% respectively. Can learn the rice land HMs pollutes the transmission that comes from the solid state particle by the above result, solid state particle to come from irrigation water suspend particle and sediment is it lead to the fact to suspend to erode. One of the objectives of this study was to investigate the health risk for human exposure to HMs contained in particulate matter (PM) emitted from the resuspension of the dry sediment after clean-up process and cost of sediments clearance policy in the irrigation ditch. Results obtained from the risk assessment indicated that the cancer risk of human exposure to dry sediment resuspension may exceed the acceptable cancer risk level (10-5-10-6) and possibility exists that non-cancer health effects; results show that the Cost-Benefit (BC) ratios in Taoyuan, Chunghua and Kaohsiung counties are all higher than one. The Irrigation system HMs contaminate for main transmission way, sediment is it works for move directly to remove except that contaminate sources best method. In order to stop the transmission of the contaminate sources, Irrigation system in the technology and method of system management, short period (in medium, high risk area to investigate a Intensive survey), middle period (cut down not irritating ditch total amount), long-term (Irrigation and drain off water system will be separating), consider in order to offer the administrative organization in light of actual conditions.

英文關鍵字

Farmland Heavy Metal contaminate; irrigation water quality; Sediments; Transport